Transcript Document

AN INTRODUCTION TO
RISK COMMUNICATIONS
RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR TROPICAL MEDICINE
December 2014
1
Session Objectives
• To ensure that participants have an
understanding of the function of risk
communications in EVD prevention and control
• To ensure participants have a basic
understanding of the process of risk
communication in EVD prevention and control
RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR TROPICAL MEDICINE DECEMBER 2014
2
Risk Communications defined
“Risk communication is an interactive
process of exchange and evaluation of
information among stakeholders and the
establishment of appropriate and effective
communication actions and responses. It is
an integral component of public health risk
management.” (Asia Pacific Strategy for
Emerging Diseases, 2010*).
* http://www.wpro.who.int/emerging_diseases/documents/docs/APSEDTechnicalPapers03Sep10Final.pdf
RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR TROPICAL MEDICINE DECEMBER 2014
3 3
“For a highly lethal
disease like Ebola,
which has no vaccine or
cure, information aimed
at behavioural change
becomes the principal
preventive measure.”
(WHO, 2004)
RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR TROPICAL MEDICINE DECEMBER 2014
4 4
5 Principles of Risk Communications
i)
ii)
iii)
iv)
v)
Trust: communications should build, maintain and
restore trust between public and outbreak
managers
Announcing early: late announcements erode
trust between public and outbreak managers
Transparency: new developments should be
communicated in a timely and complete way
Listening: seek to understand how the public
perceive a given risk and what their existing beliefs
and practices are
Planning: integral to achieving i – iv.
RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR TROPICAL MEDICINE DECEMBER 2014
5 5
Priority Groups/Target Audiences
• Primary Target Audiences (PTA): people who
may be directly affected by EVD, through direct
exposure to a case
– Travellers from countries of intense EVD
transmission, relatives of travellers, community
members who live where the positive case lives
• Secondary Target Audiences (STA): people who
can influence the health decisions of the PTA
– Health professions, HEPO, teachers, politicians,
media professionals, celebrities
RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR TROPICAL MEDICINE DECEMBER 2014
6 6
Evidence based risk communications
Formative research in planning stages to assess:
• Knowledge and attitudes around transmission
modes
• Perceived EVD susceptibility
• KAP around EVD prevention measures
• Perceived benefits of adopting preventive
behaviours
• Perceived self-efficacy of adapting preventive
behaviours
• Perceived barriers and costs of adopting preventive
behaviours
RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR TROPICAL MEDICINE DECEMBER 2014
7 7
Stages of Change Model
RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR TROPICAL MEDICINE DECEMBER 2014
8 8
Stages of Change (cont)
Note that this is not always a linear process!
– Pre-contemplation: no intention to change
– Contemplation: aware that problem exists but not yet
made commitment to take action
– Determination: intending to take action
– Intention: considering making change
– Action: behaviour is trialled
– Maintenance/advocacy: maintains desired behaviour
and becomes an advocate
• [relapse]
RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR TROPICAL MEDICINE DECEMBER 2014
9 9
Risk communication is results orientated
RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR TROPICAL MEDICINE DECEMBER 2014
1010
Stages of EVD prevention & control:
a risk communications perspective
Fig 1. Number of presumptive case-patients with EVD, by week of onset:
Uganda, August 2000 – January 2001
Rapid
increase
Introduction of
disease
Pre-event
Peak
transmission
Decrease in
incidence
Eventual
resolution
RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR TROPICAL MEDICINE DECEMBER 2014
1111
Adapting communications
1 Pre-event: basics of EVD (transmission routes
and prevention)
2 Introduction of EVD: transparency is key in
communicating facts around index case
3 Rapid increase of EVD and peak
transmission: manage fear and panic while
addressing misconceptions. May need to re-adapt
initial objectives at this stage.
4 Decrease in EVD and eventual resolution:
Re-emphasise preventive measures.
RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR TROPICAL MEDICINE DECEMBER 2014
1212
Key messages for Ph
Pre-event:
– Infection prevention
– Signs and symptoms of EVD
– Promote EVD call centre number: 711 1001/02
– Address misperceptions and stigmas
Introduction of EVD/Rapid increase/Peak Transmission:
– Get to a health facility if sick with EVD symptoms
– Care and treatment increases the chance for survival and can reduce
transmission to others
– Promote safe funeral and burial practices
– Condom use for convalescent men
– Support and provide accepting environment for Survivors
Decrease in EVD/Eventual resolution:
– Emphasise that recovered people are no longer infectious
– Condom use for convalescent men
– Promote unity, cooperation and hope to fight against EVD
RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR TROPICAL MEDICINE DECEMBER 2014
1313
Opportunities for Risk
Communication in PH
• Total Adult Literacy Rate (2012) 95.4%
• Risk communications already initiated
• Strong communication networks, for eg. 36%
internet penetration rates, high social media
usage
• Media engaged in the issue
• Administrative Order on risk communications
[currently in draft]
RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR TROPICAL MEDICINE DECEMBER 2014
1414
Further Reading
1. www.wpro.who.int/emerging_diseases/docume
nts/docs/APSEDTechnicalPapers03Sep10Final
.pdf
2. www.fsnnetwork.org/sites/default/files/resource
_uploads/dbc_english.pdf
3. www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/WHO_
CDS_2005_32web.pdf
RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR TROPICAL MEDICINE DECEMBER 2014
1515
RISK COMMUNICATIONS:
Communicating
RISK
not
PANIC
RESEARCH INSTITUTE FOR TROPICAL MEDICINE DECEMBER 2014
1616