Transcript Disinfection

‫بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم‬
EXPANDED PROGRAMM OF IMMUNIZATION
Visit
Age
1
At Birth
Vaccine
Disease
Dose
Route
Site
BCG
Tuberculosis
0.05ml
1/d
Right deltoid
OPV zero
Poliomyelitis
2 Drops
Oral
Oral
0.5 ml
1/m
Anterolateral aspect of right thigh
Diphtheria
DPT-1
2
6 Weeks
Pertussis
Tetanus
OPV-1
Poliomyelitis
2 Drops
Oral
Oral
HBV-1
Hepatitis B
0.5 ml
1/m
Anterolateral aspect of left thigh
0.5 ml
1/m
Anterolateral aspect of right thigh
Diphtheria
DPT-2
3
10 Weeks
Pertussis
Tetanus
OPV-2
Poliomyelitis
2 Drops
Oral
Oral
HBV-2
Hepatitis B
0.5 ml
1/m
Anterolateral aspect of left thigh
0.5 ml
1/m
Anterolateral aspect of right thigh
Diphtheria
DPT-3
4
14 Weeks
Perletsis
Tetanus
OPV-3
Poliomyelitis
2 Drops
Oral
Oral
HBV-3
Hepatitis B
0.5 ml
1/m
Anerolateral aspect of left thigh
Measles
0.5 ml
1/m
Left deltoid
0.5 ml
1/m
Anterolateral aspect of right thigh
2 Drops
Oral
Oral
0.5 ml
1/m
Anterolateral aspect of right thigh
Measles
5
9 Months
Vaccine
Diphtheria
16-24 Months
DPT
Perletsis
Tetanus
6
OPV
Poliomyelitis
Diphtheria
7
5-6 Years
DT
Tetanus
EARLY DIAGNOSIS
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A. The treatment of patients
B. For epidemiological investigation
C. To study the time place and person
D. For the institution of prevention and
control measures.
ISOLATION
Separation for the period of communicability
of infected persons or animals from others in
such places and under such conditions, as
to prevent or limit the direct or indirect
transmission of the infectious agent from
those infected to those who are susceptible
or who may spread the agent to others.
To protect the community by preventing
transfer of infection from the reservoir.
Period of isolation recommended
Disease
Duration of isolation
Chickenpox
Tuberculosis
(sputum +)
Herpes zoster
Mumps
Pertussis
Until all lesions crusted; usually about 6 days
after onset of rach
From the onset of catarrhal stage through 3rd
day of rash
3 days after tetracyclines started
Until 3 consecutive negative stool
cultures
3 Weeks
3 days after onset
2 weeks adult
6 weeks Paediatric
Until 3 weeks of effective
Chemotherapy
6 days after onset of rash
Until swelling subsides
4 weeks or until paroxysms cease
Meningococcal
Meningitis
Until the first 6 hours of effective
antibiotic therapy are completed
Measles
Cholera/Diphtheria
Shigellosis
Salmonellosis
Hepatitis A
Influenza
Polio
Streptococcal
pharyngitis
QUARANTINE
The limitation of freedom of movement of
such well persons or animals exposed to
communicable disease for a period of time
not longer than the longest usual incubation
period of the disease, to prevent effective
contact with those not so exposed.
Indications for chemoprophylaxis
Disease
Chemoprophylaxis
Cholera
Tetracycline or furazolidone for house-hold contacts
Conjunctivitis
bacterial
Erythromycin ophthalmic ointment
Diphtheria
Erythromycin ( and first dose of vaccine)
Influenza
Amantadine (effective only for type A) for contacts suffering
from chronic diseases
Malaria
Two tablets of chloroquine(150mg) once a week, on the
same day each week.
Meningitis
meningococcal
Sulphadiazine for 4 days
For household and close community contacts immunization
should e initiated in all cases (against serogroups A and C)
Plague
Tetracycline for contacts of pneumonic plague.
DISINFECTION
It is the killing of infectious agents outside the
body by direct exposure to chemical or physical
agents.
Disinfectant
or germicide is a substance which destroys
harmful microbes (not usually spores ) with the
object of preventing transmission of diseases.
Antiseptic
is a substance which destroys or inhibits the
growth of micro-organisms. These are suitable for
applications to living tissues.
CONCURRENT DISINFECTION
It is the application of disinfective measures
as soon as possible after the discharge of
infectious material from the body of an
infected persons or after the soiling of
articles with such infectious discharges.
TERMINAL DISINFECTION
 It is the application of disinfective measures after
the patient has been removed by dealth or to a
hospital or has ceased to be a source of infection
or after other hospital isolation practice have been
discontinued.
PRECURRENT (PROPHYLACTIC) DISINFECTION:
 Disinfection of water by chlorine, pasteurization of
milk and hand washing may be cited as examples
of precurrent disinfection.
Deodorant
is a substance which suppresses or
neutralizes bad odours, e.g., Lime and
bleaching powder.
Detergent
is a surface cleaning agent which acts by
lowering surface tension, e.g., soap which
removes bacteria along with dirt.
Sterilization
is the process of destroying all life including
spores. It is widely used in medical practice.