Transcript Sexually Transmitted Diseases Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)

Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)
also known as Sexually Transmitted
Infections (STIs) -Are infectious diseases spread from one
person to another through sexual contact.
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Sexual Contact:
Intercourse (vaginal), Anal, Oral, & touching.
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Body fluids that can transmit an STD:
- blood
- semen
- vaginal secretions
- breast milk
 Many
people with STDs are
asymptomatic = without having
symptoms.
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The don’t seek treatment because they
don’t know that they are infected. People
who don’t know that they are infected can
continue to transmit STDs.
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In the USA, teens make up ¼ of the estimated
15 million new cases of STDs each year. That
is more than 10,000 young people infected
every day.
Why are teens at high risk for infection
from STDs?
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Teens that are sexually active are likely to
engage in one or more of the following high
risk behaviors.
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Being sexually active with more than one person. - This includes having a series of sexual
relationships with one person at a time. Most
people don’t know the others past sexual behavior
and whether he/she has an STD.
Engaging in unprotected sex.
- Barrier protection is NOT 100% effective in
preventing the transmission of STDs, and is not
effective at all against HPV.
High risk sexual behavior cont….
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Selecting high risk partners.
- Such partners include those with a history of
being sexually active with more than one person
and also those who have injected illegal drugs.
Using alcohol or other drugs.
- Alcohol can lower inhibitions. Studies show that
more than 25% of teens who have engaged in
sexual activity had been under the influence of
alcohol or drugs.
Most people, teens included, are not fully
aware of the consequences of STDs. These
are serious infections that can dramatically
change a person’s life.
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Some STDs are incurable. The pathogens
that cause these disease cannot be eliminated
from the body by medical treatment , such as
antibiotics. These are viruses.
Some STDs cause cancer. The Hepatitis B
virus can cause cancer of the liver. HPV can
cause cancer in the cervix.
More consequences…
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Some STDs can cause complications that
affect the ability to reproduce. Females can
develop Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID),
which damages reproductive organs and
cause sterility.
Some STDs can be passed from an infected
female to her child before, during or after
birth. STDs can damage the bones, nervous
system, and brain of a fetus. Infants infected
with STDs at delivery may become blind,
develop pneumonia and even die.
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Human Papillomavirus (HPV) – a virus that can
cause genital warts or asymptomatic infection.
HPV is considered the most common STD in the
US. The CDC estimates that 70- 85% of sexually
active males and females acquire HPV. There are
over 70 different strains of HPV than can infect
the genital area.
Almost all cases of cervical cancer are caused by
certain types of HPV. HPV can also cause cancers
of the penis and anus.
 Genital
Warts
Genital warts are pink or reddish warts with
cauliflowerlike tops that appear on the
genitals, the vagina, or the cervix one to
three
months after infection from HPV.
Genital warts are highly contagious, and are
spread by ANY form of sexual contact with an
infected person.
Once infected the person has the virus for the
rest of their life. Treatments can rid the body
of the warts, but not the virus.
Chlamydia
A bacterial infection that affects the
reproductive organs of both males and
females.
Forty percent of cases reported are in teens
ages 15-19.
 Chlamydia
is asymptomatic in 75% of infected
females and 50% of infected males. It often
goes undetected until serious complications
arise
 When
symptoms are present, males may
experience a discharge from the penis and
burning during urination.
 Females may have vaginal discharge, burning
upon urination or abdominal pain.
chlamydia…
Chlamydia is diagnosed by laboratory
examination of the secretions of the
cervix in females or from the urethra
in males.
It can be treated with antibiotics, but a
person can become infected again.
In females it can lead to PID, long
term pelvic pain or infertility. It can
also cause infertility in males.
Genital Herpes is an STD caused by the
herpes simplex virus (HSV). There are
two types of HSV.
◦ Type 1 – usually causes cold sores
◦ Type 2 – usually causes genital sores
Both types can infect the mouth and
genitals.
Herpes continued…
 It
is NOT true that the virus can only be
spread while the sores are present. The
virus can be spread while the person is
asymptomatic.
 Diagnosis
is made through lab tests of
the fluid from the blisters.
 Medication
can relieve the symptoms,
but can not cure the virus. Once it is
contracted, the virus remains in the body
for life.
Most people who have genital
herpes are asymptomatic and not
aware that they are infected.
The typical symptom are blisterlike sores in the genital area that
occur periodically.
More herpes…
The
herpes virus is potentially deadly
for infants that contract the virus
from the mother through delivery.
The
virus can also play a major role
in the spread of HIV. People who
have genital herpes are more capable
of transmitting or acquiring HIV.
Gonorrhea
is a bacterial STD that
usually affects mucous
membranes.
Can
spread to bloodstream and
cause permanent damage to
joints.
Can be passed during childbirth
(eye infections and blindness)
Gonorrhea cont….
 Highest
rates of gonorrhea infection are
found in females from 15-19yrs old & and in
males 20 -24 yrs old.
Symptoms in males:
 discharge from the penis and painful
urination
Symptoms in females:
 50% of females have no symptoms.
 Those that do, vaginal discharge, pain or
burning during urination.
Gonorrhea cont….
Gonorrhea
can be treated with
antibiotics.
Picture Below
Syphilis - an STD that attacks many parts of the body
and is caused by a bacterial infection.
1st sign of infection is a painless reddish sore called
a chancre (SHAN-kuhr)
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If the infection is not treated, it spreads
through the blood to other parts of the body.
Disease can damage internal organs (heart,
liver, nervous system, and kidneys).
If not treated, syphilis can lead to paralysis,
blindness, and heart disease.
If passed to infant (during childbirth), baby
can die.
HIV- (human immunodeficiency virus) - a
virus that attacks the immune system.
HIV
is a progressive disease that destroys
the immune system over many years.
 Therefore
it weakens a person’s ability to
fight off infections.
 HIV does not necessarily mean someone has
AIDS. It can take years for AIDS to develop.
HIV cont……
When
HIV enters the body it invades
the T cells. T cells help the white
blood cells identify and destroy
pathogens (organisms that cause
disease)
The
virus takes over the cells and
produces a new copy of itself .
The virus then breaks out of the cell
and destroys it.
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The new virus infects other cells and
this process continues to repeat.
As the virus increases the number of
T cells decrease, which causes the
immune system to become weaker.
The body becomes susceptible to
common infections and opportunistic
infections.
Opportunistic Infections –
infections that occur in
individuals who do not have a
healthy immune system.
HIV
can be transmitted from an
infected person to an uninfected
person the following ways:
- blood
- semen
- vaginal secretions
- breast milk
HIV develops In stages over the course of
several years.
1.
2.
Asymptomatic stage – during
this period, the HIV infected
person has no symptoms.
(6mths – 10 yrs)
Symptomatic stage – symptoms
develop as a result of the drop in
immune cells.
3.
AIDS – (acquired immune
deficiency syndrome) - the last
stage of the HIV infection. Infected
person has a severely damaged
immune system. The appearance of
opportunistic infections and other
illnesses is frequent