Transcript PowerPoint Presentation - Music Therapy and Neurologic

Audio-Spinal Facilitation
• Motor Responses to Music - (i.e. tapping your foot, fingers,
etc.)
• Audio-Spinal Facilitation - Auditory stimuli excite neurons in
the spinal cord which in turn
ready or prime muscles for
movement. Occurs at a precognitive level. The more intense
the stimulus, the greater the
neuronal/muscular response.
(Paltsev & Elner, 1967; Rossignol
& Melvill-Jones, 1976, etc.) Click
Here for example of Anatomy of
Movement Example
Edward A. Roth, MT-BC © 2000
Physiological Entrainment
• Physiological Entrainment frequency of
system determines
activity in
Internal
time-keeper)
a more powerful
oscillator (metronome or
(Haas & Distenfeld, 1986;
al., 1996).
Occurs when the
activity of one
the frequency of
another system.
oscillator (internal
entrains to
external
music).
Miller et
Edward A. Roth, MT-BC © 2000
Time Force Space
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Movement can be described elementally in three ways, as it relates
to: time, force, and space. These aspects of movement correlate to
elements of music.
Time - Rhythm/Tempo
Force - Dynamics
Space - Pitch (Melody/Harmony)
Music that is used to accompany or drive therapeutic movement
experiences will include rhythmic, melodic, harmonic, and dynamic
aspects to provide temporal, spatial, and force cues for movements.
Edward A. Roth, MM MT-BC, NMT © 2001
Neurologic Music Therapy
Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation
• RAS - (Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation)
– RAS is a specific technique to facilitate rehabilitation of movements
that are intrinsically biologically rhythmical. One of the most
important of these rhythmical movements is gait. Therefore, the
most prominent application of RAS is to gait disorders, e.g. in
stroke patients, Parkinson’s patients, and traumatically brain injured
patients.
Edward A. Roth, MM MT-BC, NMT © 2001
Neurologic Music Therapy
Therapeutic Instrumental Music Performance
• TIMP - (Therapeutic Instrumental Music Performance)
– TIMP uses the playing of musical instruments to exercise and
simulate functional movement patterns. Appropriate selection of
musical instruments and therapeutically meaningful exercises
emphasize range of motion, endurance, strength, functional hand
movement/finger dexterity, limb coordination, etc.
Edward A. Roth, MT-BC © 2000
Neurologic Music Therapy
Patterned Sensory Enhancement
• PSE - (Patterned Sensory Enhancement)
– PSE uses rhythmic, melodic, harmonic and dynamic aspects
of music to provide temporal, spatial, and force cues for
movements which reflect functional exercises and activities
of daily living. PSE is broader in application than RAS
because it is (a): applied to movements that are not
rhythmical by nature such as during dressing or sit-to-stand
transfers and (b): it provides more than just temporal cues.
PSE uses musical patterns to assemble single, discrete
motions, e.g. arm and hand movements during reaching and
grasping, into functional movement patterns and sequences
and cues them temporally, spatially, and dynamically.
Edward A. Roth, MT-BC © 2000