Transcript 1 - RX Soluciones de Imagenología

Odontología Digital
RX SOLUCIONES DE IMAGENOLOGÍA S.A. de C.V.
www.rxdigitalschick.com
Guadalajara, Jal. MÉXICO
TEL (33) 3499-7095 / (33) 1300-5813
[email protected]
[email protected]
@RxDigitalDental
Contents
1. Digital Advantage
2. Important Technical Factor of Digital Image
3. Understanding of Digital Image for
Dentistry – Clinical Case
4. VATECH Products
5. Why VATECH?
6. Appendix
Digital Technology in Dentistry
Digital Advantage
• Paper, paperless or hybrid
–
–
–
–
–
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Storage Issue
Ease of data retrieval
Patient’s expectation
Patient’s confidentiality issues
Transfer speed
Portability & patient presentation
4
Advantages of Digital Radiography
• Traditional images
– exposure conditions & development procedures
determine the final result
– brightness and contrast are fixed
• Digital images
– overexposure and underexposure can be modify, sa
ving the patient from an extra dose of radiation
– ↓ Image processing time
– ↓radiation dosage per exposure
5
Advantages of Digital Radiography
• Environmental friendly
– Eliminates the need for x-ray film, developing solutions & film d
evelopment
6
Advantages of Digital Radiography
• Convenient data storage and retrieval
7
Advantages of Digital Radiography
• Easy data manipulation during diagnosis & treatment
– Viewing digital imaging on a monitor
• Image can be viewed immediately for diagnosis
• Enlarge images for better viewing and better diagnosis
• Better patient communication - improves patient under
standing of problem
• Gives the wow factor to your office
Advantages of Digital Radiography
• Software tools to help in diagnosis and treatment
– Measuring / Drawing tools / X-ray comparisons
– MORE….
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Important Factor for Digital Image
Purpose of an X-ray Image
– Provides a high image resolution
High resolution
Low resolution
Purpose of an X-ray Image
– Provides a high gradual resolution
low
high
Imaging Components
Source
Object
Receptor
Image Processing
Display
Post Processing
Image
Processing
Techniques
Source
Soruce: X-Ray Tube Head
•
An X-ray tube is a vacuum tube that produces X-rays
supplied with a high voltage supply controlled by a
control unit
– While generating x-ray, 95% of energy is
consumed in heat energy and only 5% is
converted into X-ray
a high-voltage transformer;
•
•
•
Controlling Factors
– kVp / mA / Exposure Time
AC , DC and Pulsed Type X-rays
Focal Spot
Fixed-anode x-ray tube
enclosure
Beam-Limiting-Device
(“cone”).
a lead sheath
safety and protection devices
kVp / mA / Exposure Time
• kVp – Kilo Volts Peak
• Power of penetration
• mA – milli Amperes
• Dose quantity of X-ray
• Exposure time (secs)
Increase in these factors generally provides
better penetration and better quality
images, while increasing radiation
dosage to the patient
Point to ponder:
Less radiation & lower quality
or higher radiation & better quality?
But VATECH’S Detector provide with
less radiation but better Image quality
Focal Spot Size
• The focal spot is the region of an X-ray tube from which the X-ra
y emanate. The sharpness of the radiographic image increases as
the size of the focal spot decreases.
VATECH
“S”
“I”
“P”
Tube model
D-051S
SR90/15
D-051S
D-054S
Maker
Toshiba
OPX (Italy)
Toshiba
Toshiba
Spot
Size(mm)
0.35*0.5
0.5*0.5
0.35*0.5
0.5*0.5
Ug = f* b/a
f = source focal-spot size.
a = distance from x-ray source to front
surface of material/object
b = distance from the front surface of
the object to the detector
VATECH’S Focal Spot size is smallest in the market
The Receptor
Receptor: Sensors
• Various type of sensors are used for different imaging
purposes
• Intra Oral
– CMOS, CCD
• Panoramic / Cephalometric
– Linear CCD, CMOS
– II-CCD, FPD
• CT
– Flat Panel Detector (FPD, CMOS)
– Image Intensifier CCD (II+CCD)
CCD & CMOS
CCD
Charge Coupled Device
Each pixel can transfer its electric charge to one or other of its
neighbors. The last pixel converts the accumulated electronic
charge so that the chip outputs digital bits.
CMOS
Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor
Each pixel has its own charge-to-voltage conversion so that
the chip outputs digital bits.
Intra oral sensor, CT = CMOS (area sensor)
Panoramic X-ray = CCD (linear sensor)
CCD & CMOS
CCD
Past
Now
CMOS
- Particular Process
- General Process
- High Quality
- Noise Problem
- Fit to TDI System
(Time Delay Integration)
- High Quality, Integrated Chips
(By the advance in technology)
- Adapted to Panoramic X-ray
- e.g. Canon 12Milion pixels Digital
Camera
(No.1 company in digital camera)
- e.g. Schick : Intra-Oral Sensor
FPD Vs II+CCD
VS
FPD Vs IICCD
FPD
I. I+ CCD
FPD Vs II+CCD
FPD
I. I+ CCD
Image Processing
Image Processing Techniques
• Sensor Calibration
– Each sensor is made up of many pixels which have different se
nsitivity and reaction even to the same X-ray signal.
– Calibration has to be done to ensure that every pixel has the s
ame reaction to an X-ray signal.
– This requires high tech hardware and software, and is one of t
he main factors in producing a good digital image
• Image Processing Algorithms
– Process by which raw data from the sensor is processed using
the various image processing algorithms to adjust gain,
– offset, and various values to produce the final image
The Display
Display
2840 pixels
2048 pixels
1536 pixels
1536 pixels
Monitor Resolution
Normal Monitor : 1024 x 768
Super High Resolution Monitor : 2048 x 1536
Image Resolution
2840 x 1536 pixels
- Conclusion
As you see our image resolution, it is more than the resolution of Super High Resolution
Monitor.
It means our image resolution is good enough.
Display
Gray Scale
– Grayscale is a range of shades of gray without apparent color
– The darkest possible shade is black, which is the total absence
of transmitted or reflected light. The lightest possible shade is
white
– The result of measuring the intensity of light at each pixel in a
single band of the electromagnetic spectrum
contents
1. Pixel Size and Image Quality
1-1. Factors of effecting Image Quality
Sensor Sensitivity, Sensor Pixel Size, Screen Resolution, Image Processing SW, X-Ray
Quality,
Accuracy of Focal Layer, Patient positioning, ect.
1-2. Comparison Chart of Pixel Size
Company
Model
Pixel Size
**Pixel Size
After Binning
S
O
28㎛
(?)
P
P
33㎛
Pano 66 / Ceph 99 ㎛
7.6 / 5.05 lp
I
O
48㎛
96 ㎛
5.2 lp
VATECH
PaX-Series
22 / 48㎛
44 / 96 ㎛
11.4 / 5.2 lp
** Pixel Size
After Binning
Theoretical
Line Pair
contents
2. Sensor Resolution
2-1. Line Pair
- Unit of sensor resolution : Line Pair Per mm (lp/mm)
- Theoretical formula = 1mm / (2 x Pixel Size)
- e.g. Pixel Size 25㎛: 1000 / (2 x 25) = 20 lp/mm
2-2. Line Phantom
Real Measurement by Line Phantom
2-3. Difference between theoretical Line Pair and real Line Pair
- The other factors are not perfect : Focal Trough, Scattering, Noise, Image processing, etc.
- Manufacturers do not calculate the effect of Pixel Binning on purpose
- Have no Standard Method to evaluate Line Pair by using Line Phantom
(Under discussion at American Radiology Association)
Digital image for Dentistry
Basic Panoramic
Cephalometric Image
Basic Dental Radiography
o A radiographic image is formed by a controlled burst of X-ray radiation which penetrates oral structures at
different levels, depending on varying anatomical densities, before striking the film or sensor. Teeth appear
lighter because less radiation penetrates them to reach the film
o The amount the X-Ray stopped (attenuated) by an object determines the radio-density of the shadows.
Air
Crown
Soft Tissue
Root Canal Fillings
Bone
The
The
white
black
or
Radiolucent
radio-opaque
shadows
shadows
represent
on
an
image
area
represent
where
the
the
X-Ray
various
beam
dense
passed
structures
thruwith
the
Dental
Dental
The
caries,
grey
restorations
shadows
tooth
decay,
(fillings,
represent
infections
crowns)
areas
and
may
where
other
appear
X-Ray
changes
lighter
beam
in
or
has
the
darker,
been
bone
depending
stop
density,
to
ahas
varying
and
on
the
thedegree
periodontal
density
of
the
object
object
and
which
has
not
have
been
totally
stopped
stopped
at
all.
the
X-Ray
beam.
ligament,
the material.
appear darker because X-rays readily penetrate these less dense structures
Panorama
Introduction
What is an Panorama?
An Orthopantomogram (OPG) also
known as “Panorex”
is a panoramic scanning dental x-ray
on the upper and lower Jaw. It shows
a two dimensional view of half circle
from ear to ear.
Pax primo
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2. Advantages of OPG.
 A large area is imagined and all the tissues
within the focal through are displayed even when
The patient is unable to open his mouth
Image is easy to understand/useful teaching aid .
Patient movement in the vertical plane distorts only the part of the image
being produced that instant.
overall view of the jaws allows rapid assessment of any underlying
possibly unsuspected disease as well as view of the mandible heads/ TMJ.
The overall view of the jaws allows rapid assessment of any underlying
possibly unsuspected disease as well as view of the mandible heads/ TMJ
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Clinical Importance of OPG.
OPGs are used by
to provide information on:
Widening of PDL
space if there is
pocket
 as part of assessment of periodontal bone support where the
pocketing is greater than 6mm.
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Clinical Importance of OPG.
OPGs are used by
to provide information on:
assessment of wisdom teeth prior to planned surgical intervention
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Clinical Importance of OPG.
OPGs are used by
to provide information on:
 Fracture of all parts of mandible
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2.Clinical Importance of OPG.
OPGs are used by
to provide information on:
 Destructive disease of the articular surface of TMJ.
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2.Clinical Importance of OPG.
OPGs are used by
to provide information on:
 Vertical alveolar height as part of pre implant planning.
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Cephalometric Radiology
Clinical application of cephalometric unit.
What is a cephalometric x-ray machine
A cephalometric x-ray, also simply known
as a ceph, is a diagnostic radiograph used
primarily for orthodontic treatment planning,
and is taken during the orthodontic records
appointment. Cephalometric x-rays are
also used by otolaryngologists -- doctors
who specialize in the treatment of ear,
nose and throat (ENT) disorders such as
sleep apnea -- because these x-rays
provide a view of the patient's airways.
45
Clinical application of cephalometric unit.
What is cephalometric radiology?
Cephalometric radiology is a
standardized and reproducible form
of Skull radiography used
extensively in orthodontics to
assess the relationship Of teeth to
the jaws and jaws to the rest of
facial skeleton
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ORTHODONTICS
3.Clinical Importance of Cephalometric images.
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• Initial diagnosis.
• Treatment plan.
• Monitoring of Tx. process.
• Appraisal of treatment result.
Orthognathic Surgery
3.Clinical Importance of Cephalometric images.
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• Preoperative evaluation of
skull and soft tissue.
• to assist in treatment
planning.
• Post Op appraisal of the
results of surgery and long
term follow up studies.
Periopical Radiology
4.Clinical Importance of standard (periapical) images.
What is periapical radiology?
Is an intraoral technique designed
to show individual teeth
And the tissues aroud the apices.
Each image contains two to
Four teeth and provide detailed
information about the teeth
And the surrounding alveolar bone.
50
4.Clinical Importance of standard (periapical) images.
Main indications
 Detection of apical
infection/inflammation
51
4.Clinical Importance of standard (periapical) images.
Main indications
 Assessment of periodontal status
52
4.Clinical Importance of standard (periapical) images.
Main indications
 Assessment of the presence of
unerupted teeth
Impacted 3rd molar
53
4.Clinical Importance of standard (periapical) images.
Main indications
 Assessment of root morphology
before extractions
Root
dilacerations
54
4.Clinical Importance of standard (periapical) images.
Main indications
 During Endodontics
Endodontic tx
55
4.Clinical Importance of standard (periapical) images.
Main indications
 Preoperative assessment and
post operative appraisal of apical
surgery
apicoectomy
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4.Clinical Importance of standard (periapical) images.
Main indications
 Detailed evaluation of apical cyst
and other lesions of alveolar bone
Periapical cyst
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4.Clinical Importance of standard (periapical) images.
Main indications
 evaluation of implants post
operatively.
Implant after insertion
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VATECH Products
Panorama Mode
1) Normal
2) TMJ(Temporo Mandibular Joint)
< TMJ PA >
A : Temporal bone
B : Condyle
C : Disc
< TMJ Lateral >
3) Sinus
< Sinus PA >
< Sinus Lateral >
4) Bitewing
5) Orthogonal
< Orthogonal >
7. Cephalometric
1) Scan Ceph.
2) One Shot Ceph.
Scan Ceph
TFT Oneshot
Sensor
Linear Sensor
Flat Panel Detector
X-ray Dose
More than One shot type
Low
Quality
Good
Best
Price
Low range
High range
RX SOLUCIONES DE IMAGENOLOGÍA S.A. de C.V.
www.rxdigitalschick.com
Guadalajara, Jal. MÉXICO
TEL (33) 3499-7095 / (33) 1300-5813
[email protected]
[email protected]
@RxDigitalDental