Transcript Chapter 5
Chapter 6 Information Technology in Radiology Information Technology for the Health Professions, Third Edition Lillian Burke and Barbara Weill Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Computer-Based Imaging Techniques Computer-based imaging techniques use computers to generate pictures of internal organs of the body A digital image is an image in a form computers can process and store, that is, in bits Even older technologies (X-ray and ultrasound) are now computer-based Information Technology for the Health Professions, Third Edition Lillian Burke and Barbara Weill Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. X-rays Traditional X-rays use electromagnetic waves to produce an image on film Digital X-rays are immediately available on screen and expose patients to less radiation Used to image broken bones, and in mammography Cannot image soft tissue Information Technology for the Health Professions, Third Edition Lillian Burke and Barbara Weill X-ray Courtesy of Brand X Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Ultrasound Uses sound waves and the echoes they produce to generate an image Moving image Uses no radiation Information Technology for the Health Professions, Third Edition Lillian Burke and Barbara Weill Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Ultrasound (cont) Used to study developing fetus and to diagnose prostate disease and gallstones Ultrasound was found useful in diagnosing cancer in pregnant women Information Technology for the Health Professions, Third Edition Lillian Burke and Barbara Weill Corbis Photodisc RLM002 Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Ultrasound (cont) A three-dimensional ultrasonic endoscope is currently being developed for use in minimally invasive surgery A tiny ultrasound device about the size of a silver dollar is being used to monitor fetal heart rate Information Technology for the Health Professions, Third Edition Lillian Burke and Barbara Weill Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. CT Scans Computerized tomography uses Xrays at many angles from which the computer creates an image Soft tissue can be imaged More accurate and detailed images decrease the need for exploratory surgery Information Technology for the Health Professions, Third Edition Lillian Burke and Barbara Weill Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Use computers and a very strong magnetic field and radio waves to produce pictures BrandX Pictures BXP27568 Information Technology for the Health Professions, Third Edition Lillian Burke and Barbara Weill Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. MRI (cont) Images soft tissue Images brain Can find some brain abnormalities Can detect abnormal tissue Information Technology for the Health Professions, Third Edition Lillian Burke and Barbara Weill Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. functional MRI fMRIs can image function by measuring small metabolic changes Can locate areas of the brain affected by stroke or brain tumors Used to study conditioned response Used to study schizophrenia Information Technology for the Health Professions, Third Edition Lillian Burke and Barbara Weill Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. MRIs (cont) Diffusion Tensor Imaging—Shows the white matter of the brain, and the connections between parts of the brain, so that these are not damaged during surgery Information Technology for the Health Professions, Third Edition Lillian Burke and Barbara Weill Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Positron Emission Tomography PET scans use radio-isotope technology to create an image of the brain or body in motion Used to study mental disorders, speech, Alzheimer’s, moral reasoning, bi-polar disorder, and cancer Information Technology for the Health Professions, Third Edition Lillian Burke and Barbara Weill Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. PET scans (cont) Accurate diagnosis of breast cancer Measure an esophageal cancer patient’s response to chemotherapy and radiation therapy before surgery; PET scans can detect metastases that other imaging techniques could not see Can show the functioning of the brain by measuring cerebral blood flow Information Technology for the Health Professions, Third Edition Lillian Burke and Barbara Weill Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. SPECT Scan SPECT—single photon emission computed tomography; SPECT scans are also part of nuclear medicine SPECT depends on gamma radiation Shows movement SPECT can be used to study blood flow, stress fractures, infection, and tumors SPECT is used in a majority of heart imaging, and some bone scanning Information Technology for the Health Professions, Third Edition Lillian Burke and Barbara Weill Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Bone Density (DEXA) Scan Bone density scan or dual X-ray absorptiometry scan used to diagnose osteoporosis A special kind of low radiation X-ray that shows changes in the rays’ intensity after passing through bone Shows small changes in bone density from the amount of change in the X-ray Information Technology for the Health Professions, Third Edition Lillian Burke and Barbara Weill Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Other Imaging Technology LUMA Cervical Imaging System to help detect cervical cancer Innova digital flat panel biplane imaging system which can be used for many interventional, image-guided procedures Information Technology for the Health Professions, Third Edition Lillian Burke and Barbara Weill Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. PACS Picture archiving and communications systems (PACS) “a system that transmits, stores, retrieves, and displays digital images…and communicates the information over a network.” PACS is a server Information Technology for the Health Professions, Third Edition Lillian Burke and Barbara Weill Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. DICOM DICOM (digital imaging and communications in medicine) comprise the standard communication protocols of imaging devices Information Technology for the Health Professions, Third Edition Lillian Burke and Barbara Weill Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Interventional Radiology Stereotactic radiosurgery (gamma knife surgery) is a non-invasive technique currently used to treat brain tumors with highly focused beams of radiation The newer cyberknife can use noninvasive techniques to treat other parts of the body Focused ultrasound is used to raise tumors to the boiling point Information Technology for the Health Professions, Third Edition Lillian Burke and Barbara Weill Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Interventional Radiology (cont) Nonsurgical repair of some thoracic abnormalities The gamma knife is also being used to treat neuralgia, intractable pain, Parkinson’s, and epilepsy Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) can be used on cancerous tumors on the liver or lungs Information Technology for the Health Professions, Third Edition Lillian Burke and Barbara Weill Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Interventional Radiology (cont) Interventional radiology is used in the treatment of blocked carotid arteries in patients who do not exhibit stroke symptoms and to treat and reverse male infertility with an improved embolization procedure. Lasers are being used to treat children with painful vascular malformations. Information Technology for the Health Professions, Third Edition Lillian Burke and Barbara Weill Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Interventional Radiology (cont) Interventional radiology is being tested as a treatment for uterine fibroids with a 92% success rate Information Technology for the Health Professions, Third Edition Lillian Burke and Barbara Weill Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Conclusion The great improvement in imaging techniques has made surgery more precise and reduced the need for exploratory surgery. The growth in interventional radiology has made it possible to do surgery without cutting Information Technology for the Health Professions, Third Edition Lillian Burke and Barbara Weill Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.