Transcript Cardiovascular System

MAKE UP ASSIGNMENT
POLICIES

You will have the number of days absent plus
one to make up any work missed because of
illness.

Lab make-up will be held during tutorials and if
necessary, by appointment before and/or after
school

Make up exams and quizzes will be given by
appointment only. Within 5 days of an absence.

Retakes/Reassessments will be done during a 10
day window from the due date or the date of
feedback.
MAKE UP ASSIGNMENT
POLICIES

If the assigned work was due on the day you were absent,
I expect it the day you return. Any major work that was
assigned prior to the absence is due on the due date.

If you miss class because of band, football, choir,
basketball, baseball, golf, tennis, volleyball, theatre arts,
orchestra, or any other extracurricular activity, you must
turn in your work before you leave.

If you miss class because of band, football, choir,
basketball, baseball, golf, tennis, volleyball, theatre arts,
orchestra, or any other extracurricular activity, you must
turn in your work before you leave
LATE WORK & HOMEWORK
AND DAILY QUIZZES

Turning in assignments in a timely manner is important for
student success. All assignments are expected on the day
they are due.

Homework will be assigned and graded at the teacher’s
discretion.

However, there will be a quiz the first 10-20 minutes the
following class period.

Expect a quiz everyday covering the material from
previous class
Classroom procedures and
policies

· Class participation is instrumental for success. Plan to be
active in class discussions.

· Copying, borrowing, looking at another student’s test,
quiz or homework assignment is cheating. Cheating will
be handled according to the district’s academic
integrity policy and will be strictly enforced.

· Tardies to class will be handled according to school
policy. All district guidelines found in the Student Code of
Conduct will be observed.

o 1st Tardy = warning, 2nd Tardy = 30 min teacher
detention, 3rd Tardy = 30 min teacher detention and
parent notification, 4th Tardy = principal referral
11
The Cardiovascular
System
Lesson 1: Heart Anatomy and the
Function of the Cardiovascular
System
Lesson 2: Regulation of the Heart
Lesson 3: Blood Vessels and Circulation
Lesson 4: Heart Disease
Chapter 11: The
Cardiovascular System
Lesson 1
Heart Anatomy and the
Function of the
Cardiovascular System
Anatomy and the Function of
the Cardiovascular System

the heart: location and size

the four chambers of the heart

the heart valves

blood flow through the heart

walls of the heart

cardiac cycle

cardiac output
The Heart: Location and
Size

thoracic cavity

above diaphragm

between lungs

size of a clenched fist

weighs 8–12 ounces
The Heart: Location and Size
The Four Chambers of the
Heart
 right
atrium
 right
ventricle
 left
atrium
 left
ventricle
The Heart Valves

atrioventricular (AV) valves
 tricuspid
 bicuspid

(mitral)
semilunar valves
 pulmonary
 aortic
Review and Assessment
Match these words with 1–4 below:
tricuspid, thoracic cavity, ventricle, aortic.
1. atrioventricular valve
2. semilunar valve
3. location of heart
4. heart chamber
Welcome to class

video
OBJECTIVES

I will be able to describe the function
of the cardiovascular system.

I will be able to describe the location,
size, and structures of the heart.

I will be able to trace the path of blood
through the heart.
You’ve been Frizzled!

Attention Red Blood cells (I’m talking about
YOU!)

Surprise for today you are doing a walkthrough
of the heart

We’re going to walk to the lab and we want
each student to sit at their numbered spot with
their partners

At each lab station will be an index card with a
name of a part of the heart, a tidbit of
information.
Quick Preview
video

Each station is labeled

You will have about 2 minutes per station follow the
instructions at each station making sure that you fill
out your worksheet and label your heart on the
back of your worksheet.

Don’t worry if you don’t get all of the clues we will
go over all of this when we get back to the
classroom. You will have a ball that is red or ball that
is blue (depending on if the blood is oxygenated or
deoxygenated)
A quick heart to heart

Click here
Blood Flow through the Heart

(1) deoxygenated blood flows from the
body to the inferior and superior vena
cavae to right atrium

(2) right atrium contracts, forcing blood
through the tricuspid valve to right
ventricle

(3) right ventricle contracts, forcing
blood through the pulmonary valve, to
the pulmonary artery

(4) blood exits to the lungs
Blood Flow through the Heart
(continued)

(5) oxygenated blood from lungs
travels through the pulmonary veins to
the left atrium

(6) left atrium contracts, forcing blood
through the mitral valve to the left
ventricle

(7) left ventricle contracts, forcing
blood through the aortic valve

(8) blood passes to the aorta

(9) blood travels out to parts of the
body
Blood Flow through the Heart
Walls of the Heart

epicardium
 outermost

myocardium
 middle

layer
layer
endocardium
 inner
layer
Cardiac Cycle

diastole
 ventricle

relax, atria contract
systole
 ventricles

contract, atria relax
mean arterial pressure
 overall
pressure within
cardiovascular system
Cardiac Output

amount of blood pumped by
heart in 1 minute measured in
liters/minute

stroke volume
 amount
beat

of blood pumped in 1
heart rate
 number
of beats per minute
Review and Assessment
True or False?
1. The ventricles contract in diastole.
2. Stroke volume is measured in beats/minute.
3. The epicardium is the inner heart layer.
4. Deoxygenated blood enters the left atrium.
5. The aortic valve is in the left ventricle.
Chapter 11: The Cardiovascular
System
Lesson 2
Regulation of the Heart
Regulation of the Heart

internal control of the heart

external control

the conduction system
Internal Control of the Heart

sinoatrial node
 pacemaker
 sends
 tells
electrical impulse
heart to beat 60–100 bpm
External Control of the Heart

the cardiac center
 sympathetic
nerve system speeds up
 parasympathetic
down

nerve system slows
the endocrine system
 some
hormones speed up
The Conduction System

SA node

AV node

bundle of His

bundle branches–right
and left

Purkinje fibers
Electrocardiogram

ECG or EKG

electrical activity of the heart

depolarize–contract

repolarize–relax
Cardiac Arrhythmias

normal contractility
condition
 sinus

rhythm
abnormal contractility
condition
 arrhythmia
 ventricle
or atria
contraction is not
normal
Cardiac Arrhythmias

bradycardia
 slow

tachycardia
 fast

heart beat
heart beat
premature atrial
contraction (PACs)
 atria
contracts before
SA node
Cardiac Arrhythmias

atrial fibrillation
 atria
contract faster than
350 bpm

premature ventricular
contractions (PVCs)
 ventricles
soon

contract too
ventricular tachycardia (VT)
 ventricles,
rather than SA
node, cause beat
Cardiac Arrhythmias

ventricular fibrillation (VF)


ventricles contract faster than
350 bpm
heart block

impulse from SA node to AV
node
 first–impulse
delayed
 second–intermittently
blocked
 third–completely
blocked
Defibrillators and LifeThreatening Arrhythmias

automatic external defibrillator (AED)
 electric
 stops
shock
heart
 allows
heart to start normal rhythm
 anyone
can use one
Review and Assessment
Match these words with 1–4 below: parasympathetic,
EKG, SA node, sympathetic.
1. speed up
2. slow down
3. pacemaker
4. electrical activity of the heart
Review and Assessment
Fill in the blanks with: Tachycardia, Atrial fibrillation, Bradycardia, or
Defibrillator.
1. _______________ is fast heart beat.
2. _______________ is slow heart beat.
3. _______________ is atria beating more than 350 bpm.
4. A(n) _______________ stops the heart so it can reset.
11.2 quiz

Fill in the blanks with: Tachycardia, Atrial fibrillation,
Bradycardia, Defibrillator. Parasympathetic, EKG, SA
node, or sympathetic,

1. If a lion walks in the room this and it causes your
heart to speed up this is a ____________ response

2. pacemaker of the heart is the _____________

3. ______________ is fast heart beat.

4. ______________ is slow heart beat.
Chapter 11: The Cardiovascular
System
Lesson 3
Blood Vessels and
Circulation
Blood Vessels and Circulation

blood vessels: the transport network

circulation: moving blood around the
body

taking vital signs

know your numbers
Blood Vessels: The Transport
Network

structure and function of vessels
The Three Layers of Blood
Vessels

tunica intima


tunica media


innermost layer
middle layer
tunica externa

outermost layer
Differences between Arteries
and Veins
Capillaries

exchange vessels
 gas
moves between tissue and
blood

capillary bed
 network

of exchange vessels
precapillary sphincters
 close
off capillary bed as needed
Circulation: Moving Blood
around the Body

cardiopulmonary circulation
 between

heart and lungs
systemic circulation
 between
heart and body
Circulation: Moving Blood
around the Body
Review and Assessment
True or False?
1. Systemic circulation moves blood to lungs.
2. Capillaries are exchange vessels.
3. The tunica intima is the innermost layer.
4. Arteries move blood away from the heart.
5. Veins move blood toward the heart.
Cardiac Circulation


coronary arteries

left

right
coronary sinus
Hepatic Portal Circulation

maintains proper levels in the blood

carbohydrate

fat

protein
Arteries
Veins
Fetal Circulation

placenta

vena cava

right atrium

foramen ovale

right ventricle

ductus arteriosus
Taking Vital Signs


taking your pulse

find radial, carotid or brachial artery

count beats for 15 seconds, multiply by 4
measuring blood pressure

stethoscope, sphygmomanometer

systolic/diastolic pressure
Joseph Dilag/Shutterstock.com, Ilya Andriyanov/Shutterstock.com
Know Your Numbers

weight


blood pressure


body mass index–weight to height
systolic/diastolic–110/70 mmHg
cholesterol

LDLs and HDLs
Review and Assessment
Match these words with 1–4 below: foramen ovule,
cholesterol, pulse, blood pressure.
1. systolic/diastolic
2. fetal circulation
3. LDLs and HDLs
4. carotid artery
4 corners

The corners are labeled ABCD
pick one. You know how this
works
The heart is located in the
_____ cavity under the sternum.

A. abdominal

B. interatrial

C. thoracic

D. abdominopelvic
The heart is located in the
_____ cavity under the sternum.

A. abdominal

B. interatrial

C. thoracic

D. abdominopelvic
Which of the following valves
allow blood to flow from the
atria into the ventricles?

A. the interatrial valves

B. the semilunar valves

C. the atrioventricular valves

D. the chordae valves
Which of the following valves
allow blood to flow from the
atria into the ventricles?

A. the interatrial valves

B. the semilunar valves

C. the atrioventricular valves

D. the chordae valves
One control mechanism of the
heart, called the pacemaker,
is also known as the _____.

A. sinoatrial node

B. autonomic node

C. sympathetic node

D. atrioventricular node
_____ are called exchange vessels
because gas exchange occurs between
them and the tissues.

A. Venules

B. Arteries

C. Capillaries

D. Arterioles
_____ are called exchange vessels
because gas exchange occurs between
them and the tissues.

A. Venules

B. Arteries

C. Capillaries

D. Arterioles
Introduction

In this activity you will learn about all the parts of your circulatory system and what they
do. Let's start by building a model that can serve as your guide to the parts of the
circulatory system and how they fit together.

Materials

•Paper cups (4)

•Straw

•Glue

•Paper towels

•Colored pencils, pens, or paint (blue and red)

•Tape

•Balloon (white)

•Colored thread (blue and red)

•Lima beans (3 or 4)

•Scissors
Step 1 Place the open ends of two paper cups together. Secure the cups together with tape. Do the same thing with the other two cups.
Step 2 Stand the two sets of cups side by side. Each cup represents a heart chamber.
procedure

First, you are going to build a model heart. The
heart is two pumps side by side. Each pump has
two chambers. In both pumps, blood enters the
upper chamber and leaves the lower chamber.
So you will have four blood vessels attached to
your heart model. Now follow Steps as you build
your model heart.

Use a pencil to carefully make a hole in each
cup. You will place straws in the holes in the heart
model. The straws will represent blood vessels.

Step 1 Place the open ends of two paper cups
together. Secure the cups together with tape. Do
the same thing with the other two cups.

Step 2 Stand the two sets of cups side by side.
Each cup represents a heart chamber.

Step 3 Carefully poke a hole in the side of each
cup as shown

Step 4 Cut a straw into four equal pieces.
Color or paint two of the pieces blue and
the other two pieces red, (You'll find out
what the colors mean later.)

Step 5 Insert and glue one of the blue
straws into opening B. Insert and glue a red
straw into opening C.

Step 6 Stick 6 strands of blue string into the
open end of the blue straw attached to the
cups. Stick 6 strands of red string into the
open end of the red straw attached to the
cups. The straws and string represent blood
vessels corning to and leaving the heart

Now you have two halves of what will be your model of the heart.

The straws and string represent the system of blood vessels
through which the heart pumps blood. Remember that this model
resembles a figure eight rather than a simple circle.

Half of the figure eight is the lung circuit where blood picks up
oxygen. The other half of the figure eight is the body circuit where
blood gives oxygen to all the cells of the body.

Now you know the significance of the blue and red colors. Blue
represents vessels carrying blood after it gives oxygen to cells.

Red represents vessels carrying blood with a full load of oxygen.
You can use this information in completing the following steps to
finish your model

Step 7 Take your red solo cup. This is your lungs

Step 8 Glue blue and red threads on the surface of the lungs, or use
pens to draw blue and red lines. The threads (or colored lines)
represent the tiniest blood vessels where the blood picks up oxygen
from the air in the lungs.

Step 9 Glue the free ends of the blue string to the surface of the lung
that has the tiny blue vessels. Glue the free ends of the red string to
the surface of the balloon that has the tiny red vessels. You have
completed the part of the model that represents the pump that
moves blood to your lungs and back to the heart.

Step 10 Now finish your two-pump model of the heart by making a model of
the pump that moves the blood to your body cells. Insert and glue the other
red straw into opening D. Insert and glue the other blue straw into opening A.

Step 11 Stick a piece of red string into the open end of the second red straw.
Stick a piece of blue yarn into the open end of the second blue straw.

Step 12 Obtain three or four lima beans to represent body cells. Cut about 10
to 12 pieces of thread, each about 3 centimeters long. Half of the pieces
should be red. The other half should be blue. Glue one end of several red
and blue threads on the surface of each bean.

Step 13 Attach the free end of the red threads to the red yarn. Attach the
free ends of the blue threads to the blue yarn.

Step 14 Be sure you can explain to someone the
path that a drop of blood would take in flowing
through your model. Then write an explanation
of how the blood would flow through your
model.

Step 15 Write your name and the date on your
completed model.
Chapter 11: The Cardiovascular
System
Lesson 4
Heart Disease
Heart Disease

valve abnormalities

diseases ending in -itis

heart failure

diseases of the arteries
Heart Disease

heart attack

hypertension

peripheral vascular disease

stroke
Valve Abnormalities

heart murmurs


valvular stenosis


valves do not close properly
narrowed, stiff heart valve
mitral valve prolapse

mitral valve does not fully close
 palpitations
Diseases Ending in -itis

pericarditis


myocarditis


inflammation of heart sac
inflammation of heart muscle
endocarditis

inflammation of heart lining and valves
Heart Failure

heart cannot pump blood

fluid backs up in

lungs

liver

limbs

gastrointestinal tract
Diseases of the Arteries

aneurysms
 weakened
artery
bulges, may break

coronary artery disease
 atherosclerosis
 angina
pectoris
 ischemia
Heart Attack

myocardial infarction


plaque blocks a cardiac artery
treatment

aspirin as soon as symptoms appear

20–60 minute window for treatment
Heart Attack
Heart Disease

hypertension


peripheral vascular disease


blood pressure above 140/90 mmHg
lack of circulation in legs
stroke

blockage of brain blood flow
 ischemic
stroke
 hemorrhagic
 transient
stroke
ischemic attack (TIA)
Review and Assessment
True or False?
1. Hypertension is 120/80 mmHg.
2. Aspirin helps in a heart attack.
3. An aneurysm is a weakened artery.
4. Myocarditis affects the heart wall.
5. In a heart murmur the valves do not close properly.

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