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Child’s World Development Theories Focus Question How might one’s personal beliefs and behaviors affect the development of a child? Is a belief a theory? Introduction to Developmental Theories Researchers and educators hold several distinct sets of beliefs, or theories, about how children grow and develop. One theory holds that children simply mature as they grow older. Another is that the environment shapes what children become. (Nature v. Nurture) Theories defined A theory is a system of beliefs about something. A child development theory is an integrated collection of beliefs about why children behave, think, and feel as they do. How a teacher responds to incidents depends on what he or she believes about why a student behaves as he does. The teacher's decisions will also depend upon his or her theory about the child's development No single universally accepted theory exists Theories about children are extremely practical A theory can guide professional practice by ensuring that there is an underlying purpose for classroom routines and that the process of educating young children is carried out consistently http://nwscc.cc.al.us/childdevelopment/CHD201Theories.htm Major Child Development Theorists Jean Piaget – Children must be given learning tasks appropriate to their level of development. Lev Vygotsky – Children should be given the opportunity for frequent social interaction. Social contact is essential to intellectual development. Erik Erikson – Parents & other caregivers must be aware of, and sensitive to, children’s needs at each stage of development and support them through crises. B.F. Skinner – Parents and other caregivers can affect a child’s behavior through the use of negative and positive feedback. Albert Bandura – Caregivers must provide good examples for children to follow. Urie Bronfenbrenner – Child’s primary relationship with a caregiver needs to be stable, loving, and lasting. Environment affects development. Arnold Gesell - Development genetically determined by universal “maturation patterns” which occur in a predictable sequence. Theorist Sorting – Developmental Domains Lev Vygotsky B.F. Skinner Cognitive Physical Erik Erikson Albert Bandura Jean Piaget Social Emotional Arnold Gesell Urie Bronfenbrenner Theorists Sorting - Scenario Marta took care of her younger brother, Ramon, for two hours each day after school before her parents came home. Ramon had the habit of leaving his toys strewn about the family room when he had finished playing. Theorists Sorting - Scenario How could Marta use the following theorist’s ideas to get her brother to put his toys away when he is done playing? Skinner Piaget Bandura Bronfenbrenner Vygotsky Bronfenbrenner Gesell Theorist Reflection On a piece of paper write your answers to the following statements/questions: Explain which theories you believe to be similar. Why do you think there are so many different theories about child development? Focus Questions How might one’s actions and behaviors affect the development of a child? Does culture play a role in parenting? Needs vs. Wants Make a T chart on your paper Needs Wants Needs/Wants Read the following scenario and then write down your answers to the questions that follow. Imagine you are shipwrecked and the only survivor who manages to swim to a deserted jungle island. You arrive at the island with nothing. What would your first thoughts be about? Make a list of the materials things (tangible, real objects) you would need. Make a list of the non-material things (objects of the heart) you would need. Needs/Wants Read the following scenario and then write down your answers to the questions that follow. Imagine you are in a new country/town alone, jobless, homeless, and know no one in this new environment. What would your first thoughts be about? Make a list of the materials things (tangible, real objects) you would need. Make a list of the non-material things (objects of the heart) you would need. Needs/Wants What are the similarities and differences between your lists for the two scenarios? What do you think influences your needs for these two situations? What is the difference between a need and a want? Needs/Wants What is the difference between a need and a want? Maslow Reading Take a look at the reading assignment at your table and scan the reading. On your paper write down what you think you’ll be reading about. Write down what you think you should be reading for (your purpose). Maslow Reading Get your Appointment Clock out. Get with your ___________ partner. Take a look at the reading assignment at your table and scan the reading. What? So What? No What? Needs vs. Wants Needs are things (material & nonmaterial) that a person needs to survive. Wants are those things that a person may desire, but her/she doesn’t have to have these things to survive. Revisit your personal Needs/Wants list Re-categorize any need that really is a want Re-categorize any want that really is a need Abraham Maslow He first studied law at the City College of New York (CCNY). Attended University of Wisconsin and became interested in psychology. He received his BA in 1930, his MA in 1931, and his PhD in 1934, all in psychology, all from the University of Wisconsin. He spend his final years in semi-retirement in California, until, on June 8 1970, he died of a heart attack after years of ill health. Abraham Maslow’s Theory of Human Needs There is an order of needs that people pass through. The order (levels) are needs and not wants. It is normal to need what is in the various levels. Motivating Needs Needs that have not been satisfied. Money does not fit this category Abraham Maslow’s Theory of Human Needs Basic (physiological) needs are related to the body and to feelings and are motivating needs. Safety needs are the desires for security and stability, to feel safe from harm. Social needs- the desires for affiliation. They include friendship and belonging. Esteem needs and self-actualization are strongly related to motivation. Self-Actualization is Maslow’s category for higher-level needs (the needs to grow and feel fulfilled as a person). Abraham Maslow’s Theory of Human Needs Needs vs. Wants Revisited Take another look at your Needs/Wants T chart. Label each of the “Needs” according to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Human Needs. Might Maslow Quiz Answer the questions using the notes from the reading and this presentation. Explain Maslow’s Hierarchy of Human Needs & How it relates to the Developmental Domains through a poster & write-up. Poster must be neat and creative. With your partner you will create a poster and then each of you will individually write an explanation of the poster. The write up must be in complete sentences with proper grammar and sentence structure. See example on next slide Forward Thinking What might be the connection between Maslow’s Hierarchy of Human Needs, child development and parenting?