Cardiovascular System
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Transcript Cardiovascular System
Chapter 7
Cardiovascular System
Combining Forms for
the Cardiovascular System
angi/o
vas/o
vascul/o
angiogram
vasospasm
vascular
aort/o
aortic
Combining Forms for
the Cardiovascular System
arteri/o
arteriosclerosis
ather/o
atheroma
atri/o
atrioventricular
Combining Forms for
the Cardiovascular System
cardi/o
cardiology
coron/o
coronary
my/o
myocardial
Combining Forms for
the Cardiovascular System
pector/o
steth/o
pectoral
stethoscope
sphygm/o
sphygmomanometer
thromb/o
thrombocyte
Combining Forms for
the Cardiovascular System
ven/o
phleb/o
venous
phlebitis
varic/o
varicosis
Combining Forms for
the Cardiovascular System
ventricul/o
ventricular
Cardiovascular System Overview
Consists of the heart and blood vessels
The heart pumps blood throughout the body
Blood vessels transport blood throughout
the body
The Heart
Muscular Organ
Hollow interior
Pumps blood throughout the body
Four chambers
Upper chambers
Lower chambers
Structure of the Heart
Four Chambers
Right atrium (upper chamber)
Left atrium (upper chamber)
Right ventricle (lower chamber)
Left ventricle (lower chamber)
Septum — divides heart into right and left portions
Interatrial septum — separates the atria
Interventricular septum — separates the ventricles
Structure of the Heart
(continued)
Valves — Open and close with the heartbeat to
maintain one-way flow of blood through the heart
tricuspid valve — located between right atrium and right
ventricle
mitral (bicuspid) valve — located between left atrium and
left ventricle
pulmonary semilunar valve — opening from right ventricle
to pulmonary artery
aortic valve — located between left ventricle and aorta
Layers of the Heart
endocardium
membrane that lines the interior cavities of the heart
myocardium
Thick, muscular layer
epicardium
Outer membrane
Pericardium is the loose, protective sac that
surrounds and encloses the heart
Structures of the Heart
Blood Vessels
arteries
vessels that carry blood from the heart to arterioles
aorta
large artery branching from the left ventricle
arterioles
small vessels receive blood from the arteries
Blood Vessels
(continued)
capillaries
tiny vessels that join arterioles and venules
venules
small vessels that gather blood from the capillaries into
the veins
veins
vessels that carry blood to the heart from the venules
Coronary Arteries
Blood and Lymph Circulation
Arteries
Veins
Blood Pressure
Force exerted by circulating blood on the walls of
the arteries, veins and heart chambers
Determined by the volume of blood, the space
within the arteries and arterioles, and the force of
the heart contractions
Blood Pressure Terms
diastole
period in the cardiac cycle when blood enters the relaxed
ventricles from the atria
systole
period in the cardiac cycle when the heart is in
contraction and blood is ejected through the aorta and
pulmonary artery
normotension
normal blood pressure
Blood Pressure Terms
(continued)
hypotension
low blood pressure
hypertension
high blood pressure
Blood Pressure Determination
Conditions Causing Reduction of Blood Flow
Types of Aneurysms
Coronary Artery Disease