Transcript PowerPoint
Cardiovascular System Teresa Rogers Butler County ATC Spring 2012 Components • Includes: – Heart – Blood vessels – Blood Function ▫ Transports nutrients and oxygen to the body ▫ Removes metabolic waste and carbon dioxide from cells ▫ Distributes hormones and antibodies throughout the body ▫ Helps control body temperature and electrolyte balance The Heart • Is a two-sided, hollow organ about the size of a fist. • Located in the mediastinal cavity • Has three layers of tissue: ▫ Pericardium – outer layer, reduces friction as the heart beats ▫ Myocardium – middle layer, pumps blood through the system ▫ Endocardium – inner layer, allows the blood to flow smoothly Chambers of the Heart • Septum – muscular wall that separates the heart into the right and left sides • Each side is divided into two parts • Atria – two top chambers • Ventricles – two bottom chambers • Blood enters the heart through the atria • Blood leaves through the ventricles Heart Valves • Atrioventricular - located between the atria and the ventricles on each side of the heart. ▫ Tricuspid valve – right side ▫ Bicuspid valve – left side • Semilunar - located between the ventricles and the vessels where blood leaves the heart. ▫ Pulmonary valve ▫ Aortic valve Circulation of Blood • Pulmonary • Systemic • Coronary Pulmonary Circulation • Flow of blood between the heart and lungs ▫ The right side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs. ▫ Carbon dioxide is exchanged for oxygen. ▫ Oxygenated blood returns to the left side of the heart. Systemic Circulation • Flow of blood between the heart and body ▫ The left side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the body. ▫ Blood returns to the right side of the heart Coronary Circulation • Flow of blood to the heart muscle ▫ The left side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to heart tissue ▫ Blood returns to the right side of the heart. Blood Flow Through the Heart • • • • • • • • • • • • • Superior & inferior vena cava Right atrium Tricuspid valve Right ventricle Pulmonary semilunar valve Pulumonary arteries Lungs to exchange gases Pulmonary veins Left atrium Bicuspid / Mitral valve Left ventricle Aortic semilunar valve Aorta all parts of the body Intrinsic Conduction System Automaticity-enables heart to contract rhythmically and continuously without motor nerve impulses 1. SA (sinoatrial) Node: pacemaker located where the superior and inferior vena cava enter the right atrium 2. AV (atrioventricular) Node: sends impulses to ventricles 3. Bundle of His/Bundle Branches: in septum 4. Purkinje Fibers: in heart wall to distribute nerve impulses Electrical Cardiogram