Transcript Kickin` Cardiovascular System

Blood...The River of
Life
(A delivery system of 5 liters
of liquid fun)
II. Anatomy of Blood

A. Plasma
1. Liquid portion (92%)
2. Sugar, proteins,
vitamins, minerals,
hormones, enzymes,
waste
3. non-living
II. Anatomy of Blood
 B.
Red Blood Cells “Carrier Cells”
1. Disc-shaped cells
2. Made in the bone marrow
3. No Nucleus
4. Hemoglobin--captures the Oxygen
and Carbon Dioxide
5. Live about 100-120 days
The Scoop on Blood Types
Antigens
ABO
Rh
A – A antigens
Rh+= antigen
Carbohydrates
B- B antigens
Rh - = no antigen
MARKERS ON
AB – A & B
CELL
antigens
O – no antigens Used in ID
The Scoop on Blood Type
Antibodies
Rh
ABO
Anti-A
Anti-B
Bind to
Antigens
Proteins
Find Invaders
In plasma
Anti Rh+
Blood Antigens Antibodies Can
Type on RBC in Plasma Donate
To:
A
A
Anti-B
A, AB
Can
Receive
From:
A, O
B
B
Anti-A
B, AB
B, O
AB
A, B
None
AB
All
O
None
All
O
Rh+
+
Anti-A,
Anti-B
None
+
+/-
Rh -
None
Anti +
+/-
-
C. White Blood Cells
 1.
Complete cells
 2. Only 1% of the blood volume
 3. Can leave the circulatory system and
go to damaged tissues
 4. Defense against disease
 5. Five different types (lymphocytes,
monocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils,
basophils)
D. Platelets
1. Cell fragments
 2. Essential for blood
clotting
 3. Form a temporary
plug to seal a
break in the skin

I. Functions of Blood
A. Transports oxygen to the body cells
 B. Transports carbon dioxide and waste from
the body cells
 C. Transports food to body cells (glucose and
other necessary things)
 D. Contains disease fighters
 E. Regulates body temperature--remember the
skin unit!!
 F. Transports hormones

Anemia:
 Low
oxygen carrying capacity
 Low RBCs, Low Hemoglobin, Abnormal
RBCs
Polycythemia:
 Too
many RBCs
 Blood very thick and flows slowly
Genetics of Blood Types
Blood types are an example of CoDominance
 A and B are codominant and code for the
antigens on Red Blood cells
 If a person has AB blood, they have both
antigens
 O is recessive and codes for NO antigens
 To be recessive, you must have two recessive
alleles
 Try a practice problem

Genetics of Blood Type
 Type
A = IAIA or IAi
 Type B = IBIB or IBi
 Type AB = IAIB
 Type O = i i
IA
I Ai
IA i
IB
IB i
IB i
i
i
Clumping Reaction of ABO Blood
Typing Sera
Blood Type
Reactions
Reactions
Anti-A Serum
Anti-B Serum
A
Clump
No clump
B
No clump
Clump
AB
Clump
Clump
O
No Clump
No Clump
II. Anatomy of Blood

The Five Happy Types of White Blood Cells
a. Neutrophils – Fight acute infection
b. Eosinophils – Allergies and Parasites
(Cont)
c. Basophils – Seen in inflammation
d. Lymphocytes – Immune Response –
make antibodies, fights tumors
e. Monocytes – Fight chronic infections
like TB
Leukemia:


Suppressed bone marrow function
Can’t fight disease
Mononucleosis:
 Caused
by the Epstein Barr Virus
 Monocytes are called into action
 Tired, achy, sore throat, sore and swollen
glands
Platelet Problems
 Thombus/Embolus:
Clot forms, can cut
off blood flow to organs
 Hemophilia: Bleeder’s disease, missing 1
of 13 clotting factors
 Platelet Deficiency: not enough platelets,
bleed for no reason
III. Hemostasis

The steps to forming a blood clot....
1. Platelets become sticky and cling to damaged site
2. Anchored platelets release chemicals that attract
more platelets - Forms a platelet plug (white
thrombus)
3. Platelets release serotonin, a chemical that causes
the blood vessel to spasm. This narrows the vessel
and decreases blood loss until clotting.
4. Chemical reactions galore result in fibrin, a
meshwork that traps RBCs to make a clot.
5. Clot squeezes serum from the mass to dry it out.
Fun Facts...
 This
process takes 3-6 minutes. So why
do we use dry gauze and pressure when
we are bleeding?
 Gauze give platelets a place to stick and
pressure increases the rate of the
chemical reactions that need to occur.
Cool!!
Kickin’ Cardiovascular
System
I. System Anatomy

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
Heart
Blood Vessels
Lymphatic
II. System Physiology
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Transportation of Blood which contains:
Oxygen
Carbon Dioxide
Nutrients
Waste
Hormones
Disease Fighters (WBC’s)
III. The Happy Heart
Size of your fist
Less than 1 pound
Covered by pericardium
Coronary arteries (blood vessels) – give heart
blood
 4 chambers
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– 2 atria (atrium) – receive blood, top of heart
– 2 ventricles – discharge blood, bottom of heart
Path of Blood Through the Heart
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Inferior/Superior Vena Cava (bring blood
from body to heart)
Right Atrium
Tricuspid Valve
Right Ventricle
Pulmonary Semilunar Valve
Pulmonary arteries
Lungs – Release CO2 and picks up O2
Path of Blood Through the Heart
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Pulmonary Veins
Left Atrium
Bicuspid Valve
Left Ventricle (biggest part)
Aortic Semilunar Valve
Aorta
Arteries
Capillaries (release O2 to cells, pick up CO2)
Veins – Back to Heart
AGAIN
IV. Hip, Hip Hooray – Heart
Physiology
Atria collect blood
 Ventricles Discharge
blood
 Soooo…. Ventricles
are the actual pump.
When they contract,
blood moves.

A. Double Pump System

Right Side
Pulmonary Circuit
Receives oxygen
poor blood from
body
Pumps to Lungs to
pick up Oxygen
and release carbon
dioxide
A. Double Pump System

Left Side
 Systemic Circuit
 Receives Oxygen rich
blood from lungs
 Pumps blood to body
cells to supply them
with oxygen and pick
up carbon dioxide
B. Valves


1. Prevent Backwash
2. Heartbeat
B. Valves (cont)


“lub”-bicuspid/tricuspid valve closing;
longer and louder sound
“dup”-Semilunars closing; shorter and
sharper
B. Arteries – Blood away from heart



Take blood away from the heart
No Valves
High Pressure--thick walls with strong
tunica media
--strong and stretchy because close to the
change in pressure (diastole) and close to
the heart.
C. Veins – Blood to heart


Take blood toward the heart
Valves to prevent backflow because...
 Low pressure
 Thin Walls
 Far from the heart and
change in pressure
Mechanical heart valve
C. Intrinsic Conduction System

Nodal System
Atria beat at 60 beats/min
Ventricles beat at 20-40 beats/min
Nodal system unifies it to about 75
beats/min
Nodal System

1. SA node
Located in right
atrium
Pacemaker – starts
the heartbeat and
sets the pace for
the whole heart
Nodal System

2. AV Node
Wringing contraction of ventricles from apex
toward atria (ejects blood from heart)
Cardiac Cycle

Diastole
 Complete relaxation
 AV valves (bi and
tricuspid) open
 Semilunar valves
closed
 Atria empty blood into
ventricles
 Pressure in heart is
low
Cardiac Cycle

Systole
 Bi/Tricuspid close,
 Semilunar valves open
 Ventricles contract
 Blood rushes out of
heart
 Pressure in heart is
high
 Atria are filling
V. Blood Vessels


Superhighway for blood
Microscopic Anatomy of Vessels
Tunica interna (intima) – lines interior of
vessels – made of endothelial tissue
Tunica media –made of smooth muscle and
elastic tissue
Tunica externa – outermost layer – protects
the vessels
D. Capillaries




Connect arteries to veins
Very thin...Just tunica intima
Transparent, one-cell layer thick
GAS EXCHANGE TAKES PLACE HERE
Flow of blood through vessels
 AortaArteriesArterioles
CapillariesVenulesVeins
Vena Cava
E. Blood Vessel Physiology
1.


Arterial Pulse
-Pressure wave created by the expansion
and recoil of an artery that occurs with
each beat of the left ventricle.
Average is 70-76 beats per minute
Pulse points are listed in book. Take a
look and try to find them on your body.
2. Blood Pressure
* Pressure the blood exerts against the
inner walls of blood vessels.
 * Force that keeps blood circulating
between beats
 * Pressure in arteries near the heart
 Systolic: Pressure in arteries at peak of
ventricular contraction
 Diastolic: Pressure when ventricles are
relaxing

Procedure for taking blood pressure
1. Pump up to about 150 (exceed
systolic). Stops blood flow.
 2. Reduce pressure in cuff while listening
carefully.
 3. When first soft tapping sounds are
heard, SYSTOLIC
 4. As pressure is reduced, sounds get
louder. When no sounds, record
DIASTOLIC

3. What messes up blood
pressure?

* Friction in Blood Vessel (viscosity,
atherosclerosis)
3. What messes up blood
pressure?

* Nervous System (narrows vessels)-fear,
exercise, blood loss
3. What messes up blood
pressure?

* Kidneys (alter blood volume)
3. What messes up blood
pressure?

* Temperature (cold restricts vessels, hot
dilates vessels)
3. What messes up blood
pressure?

* Chemicals (alcohol & histamines dilate,
nicotine constricts)
Cardiovascular System
Heart/Lung Model Project

Your task is to construct a three
dimensional model of a human heart and
lungs. You may use any kind of materials
you choose; however, your model must
have all of the following structures:
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1. Four heart chambers
2. The bicuspid and tricuspid valves in the correct
locations
3. The aortic semilunar and pulmonary semilunar
valves in the correct locations
4. The septum
5. The inferior vena cava in the correct location
6. The superior vena cava in the correct location
7. The pulmonary arteries and veins in the correct
locations
8. The aorta in the correct location.
9. Both lungs properly attached to the heart with
pulmonary arteries and veins
ALL STRUCTURES MUST BE CLEARLY AND
CORRECTLY LABELED. Once your model
is complete you must meet with the
teacher and explain how blood flows
through the heart, lungs and body.
 You will be allowed to make corrections
until you meet all requirements listed
above.

Leaping Lymphatic System
I. System Anatomy

Lymphatic vessels

Lymph Nodes

Lymph organs and tissues

II. System Physiology
Returns lost excess tissue fluid (lymph) to
the blood
 Only flows toward the heart

III. Lymph Nodes
Removes foreign material like bacteria and tumor cells
 Produces lymphocytes (remember them?)
 Macrophages engulf and destroy bacteria, virus, and
foreign substances as lymph is filtered through the
nodes and before its returned to the blood.
 Kidney-shaped and are less than 1 inch. They are
buried.
 Lymph nodes are working hard if they get inflammed
and tender.
 If large and not painful, often a sign of cancer.

IV. Lymph Organs
A. Spleen
 Filters the blood of bacteria, virus, debris
 Destroy worn out RBCs
 Recycle products to the liver
 Stores platelets
 Blood resevoir—
empties during
hemorrages

IV. Lymph Organs

B. Thymus - Programs the lymphocytes
(peaks during youth, then tapers)
IV. Lymph Organs
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C. Tonsils - Trap and remove any bacteria
or foreign pathogens
IV. Lymph Organs
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D. Peyer’s Patch - In Small intestine to
trap and kill bacteria there. Yucky job!!