Transcript Priority Areas for Improving Health - CVD - Sports-Nerd

CARDIOVASCULAR
DISEASE
The Nature of CVD
 Extent and Trend of CVD
 Risk factors
 Social determinants
 High Risk Groups
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The Nature of CVD
CVD includes al the disease of the heart
and blood vessels.
 Major diseases include heart disease,
stroke and peripheral vascular disease.
 Atherosclerosis is the build up of fatty
tissues on the inner walls of arteries. It
interferes with blood supply to the body.
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Coronary Heart Disease
Most common type of CVD = 20% of all
deaths.
 Blood supply to the heart is decreased
by narrowing arteries.
 Angina = blockage decreases blood
flow to the heart and causes pain as a
result of cramping of the heart muscle.
 Blockage = heart attack.
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Cerebrovascular Disease
Disease of the arteries of the brain.
 Stroke = an interruption of blood supply
to the brain. Caused by
atherosclerosis.
 Stroke = blood vessel may also burst.
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Peripheral Vascular Disease
Affects the blood vessels in the limbs.
 Arteriosclerosis = hardening of the
arteries that interferes with blood supply
to the muscles and skin.
 Close links with smoking and diabetes.
 Can result in gangrene and limb
amputation.
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Extent and Trend of CVD
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35% of all deaths in Australia.
Death rate increases with age and causes the
greatest amount of death in older people.
There has been a downward trend since the 1970s.
This is most significant in males aged over 45
years.
Males more likely to experience coronary heart
disease than females.
Decline in CVD
- improved medical care eg. Drugs to
manage blood pressure.
- reduction of risk behaviour that
contributes to CVD.
AIHW, Australia’s Health 2008
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http://www.aihw.gov.au/publications/aus/ah
08/ah08.pdf
 Pg:200 summarise the statistics and trends
on coronary heart disease
Risk Factors
Majority of risk factors are associated to
LIFESTYLE.
 The potential for people to alter their
lifestyle varies according to the
environmental factors eg:
socioeconomic status.
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Risk Factors
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Non-modifiable risk factors include:
- Age. Risk increases with age
usually with a slow progression of
atherosclerosis.
- Heredity. Family history
- Gender. Males are at a higher risk.
Risk Factors
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Modifiable risk factors
- Smoking. 5 times more likely to develop
CVD. Due to increase heart rate, constriction
of blood vessels and reduction in oxygen
carrying capacity of the blood.
- High Blood Pressure. Linked with high
salt intake and overweight.
- High Blood Fats = Atherosclerosis
Risk Factors
- Overweight & Obesity. Increased
risk due to extra burden on heart and
lungs. Obesity linked with HBP and
blood fats.
- Lack of Physical Activity. Less
efficient heart, higher levels of blood
fats and easily gain weight.
- Others include poor nutrition,
alcohol, contraceptive pill and diabetes.
Risk Factors
Other risks include alcohol,
contraceptive pill (esp. with smoking)
and diabetes.
 Males are more likely to engage in risk
behaviours for CVD.
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PROTECTIVE FACTORS
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Opposite of risk factors that lower chances
of developing heart disease.
 MAINTAIN HEALTHY LEVELS OF
BLOOD PRESSURE AND
CHOLESTEROL: Regular BP and Ch
checks for early identification and
management.
 QUIT SMOKING:
PROTECTIVE FACTORS
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ENJOY HEALTHY EATING: From the 5
food groups mainly fruit/veg, moderatly:
meats poultry, fish and dairy as well as oils
and fats.
 VISIT DOCTOR REGUARLY: Detection
of early signs and give advice on lowering
the risk of CVD.
PROTECTIVE FACTORS
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BE PHYSICALLY ACTIVE: 30 min moderate
intensity PA on most days will lower BP, Ch and
maintain weight.
 ACHIEVE AND MAINTAIN A HEALTHY
WEIGHT: Being overweight and carrying weight
around the waist increase the risk of CVD and
diabetes.
 Others include: controlling diabetes, managing
stress, limiting saturated fats and sugars.
Sociocultural, Socioeconomic
and environmental determinants
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Socio-economic Status
- More likely to demonstrate risk behaviours eg.
Smoking, obesity & physical inactivity.
Metro to Remote/Rural locations
- Variation most notable in coronary heart
disease.
- linked to higher levels of smoking, obesity, lack
of access to appropriate medical services and
prevention support.
- higher ATSI population also contributes. More
likely to ask elders for assistance than Western
medicine.
Sociocultural, Socioeconomic
and environmental determinants
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Gender
- Males more likely to ignore early warning signs
& less likely to access medical services (masculinity).
Mass Media & Education
- Contributed to the decline.
- Greater awareness from health promotion
campaigns conducted by gov. and non gov. agencies
(National Heart Foundation).
- Increased access to health products = better
nutrition, better exercise amenities in public parks.
- Some groups are still disadvantaged = low
socio-economic.
Sociocultural, Socioeconomic
and environmental determinants
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LOCATION (rural compared to metropolitan area)
People in rural and remote areas: higher
coronary heart disease due to higher levels
of smoking, obesity, lack of access to health
services, lack of prevention support.
Higher ATSI population live in this area
and often consult an elder rather than health
care.
High Risk Groups
Males
 ATSI
 Socio-economically disadvantaged
 People born in Australia
 Specific groups – family history of heart
disease, smokers, people with high
blood pressure, overweight people,
‘blue collar’ workers, people over 65.
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