Transcript EEG and ECG machines

EEG and ECG machines
What is an EEG machine?
 An
electroencephalogram
(EEG) is a test to detect
problems in the electrical
activity of the brain.
Why is it used?
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EEG is used to help diagnose the presence and
type of seizure disorders, to look for causes of
confusion, and to evaluate head injuries,
tumours, infections, degenerative diseases, and
metabolic disturbances that affect the brain.
It is also used to evaluate sleep disorders and to
investigate periods of unconsciousness. The EEG
may be done to confirm brain death in a
comatose patient.
EEG cannot be used to measure intelligence or
diagnose mental illness.
What abnormal results can mean
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Seizure disorders (such as epilepsy or convulsions)
Structural brain abnormality (such as a brain tumour or brain
abscess)
Head injury
Attention deficit problems
Encephalitis (inflammation of the brain)
Haemorrhage (abnormal bleeding caused by a ruptured blood
vessel)
Cerebral infarct (tissue that is dead because of a blockage of
the blood supply)
Sleep disorders (such as narcolepsy)
Drug or alcohol abuse
Migraines (in some cases)
Hallucinations
Syncope (fainting)
Vertigo
Types of brain waves observed
 There
are four main types of
brainwaves:
 Beta,
 Alpha,
 Theta,
 and Delta.
What each wave represents
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Beta
Alpha
Theta
Delta
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This is the active mind
wave. 15+ cycles per
second (or Hz)
9-14 Hz. Relaxed,
daydreaming wave.
The stage as we are
falling asleep. 4-8 Hz
Unconsciousness, deep
sleep, coma. Up to 1-3 Hz
What the
waves
look like
What is an ECG machine?
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An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a test that
records the electrical activity of the heart.
ECG is used to measure the rate and
regularity of heartbeats as well as the size
and position of the chambers, the
presence of any damage to the heart, and
the effects of drugs or devices used to
regulate the heart (such as a pacemaker).
Why is it used?
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An ECG is very useful in determining whether a
person has heart disease. If a person has chest
pain or palpitations, an ECG is helpful in
determining if the heart is beating normally. If a
person is on medications that may affect the
heart or if the patient is on a pacemaker, an ECG
can readily determine the immediate effects of
changes in activity or medication levels. An ECG
may be included as part of a routine
examination in patients over 40 years old.
What abnormal results can mean
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Myocardial (cardiac muscle) defect
Enlargement of the heart
Congenital defects
Heart valve disease
Arrhythmias (abnormal rhythms)
Tachycardia (heart rate too fast) or Bradycardia (too
slow)
Ectopic heartbeat
Coronary artery disease
Inflammation of the heart (myocarditis)
Changes in the amount of electrolytes (chemicals in
the blood)
Past heart attack
Present or impending heart attack