Transcript THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

Vocab
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leuko - = white
erythr - = red
embol - = stopper
hem = blood
thromb = clot
arteri(o) = pertaining to an artery
- ary = pertaining to
systol - = contraction
diastol- = relaxing
THE
Cardiovascular
System
• structures: blood, the heart, and blood vessels
• The main functions are to transport
nutrients and oxygen(O2) to the cells
and carry carbon dioxide (CO2) and
waste materials away from the cells
• also plays a vital role in our immune
system
Components of Blood
Components of blood
http://health.howstuffworks.com/adam-200081.htm
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Blood plasma is the liquid
component of blood (make up
approx 50%)
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90-percent water
10 percent dissolved fats,
salts, sugars, and Proteins
–
Transmits RBC, WBC, and
blood clotting factors
• RED BLOOD CELLS
(RBC) ERYTHROCYTES
• produced in the bone marrow
• contains hemoglobin
– an iron-containing protein
allows RBC to carry
oxygen.
– gives the RBC their color
•
http://health.howstuffworks.com/adam-200028.htm
• WHITE BLOOD CELLS
(WBC) LEUKOCYTES
• WBC are produced in the Red
Bone Marrow, The Lymph
Nodes, and the Spleen
• The main function is to protect
the body against invasion by
foreign cells
• platelets are tiny
fragments of other cells
that were formed in the
bone marrow
• play an important role
in blood clotting.
• Blood Clotting
•
http://health.howstuffworks.com/adam200077.htm
• Nutrient Exchange
• http://health.howstuffworks.com/adam-200084.htm
BLOOD VESSELS
• After the blood leaves the heart, it is
pumped through a network of blood vessels
to different parts of the body
– blood flows in one direction
• Arteries – strong, elastic
vessels
– carry blood away from the
heart under high pressure
– The force that blood exerts
on the walls of vessels is
known as blood pressure
• Arteries subdivide into thinner which lead
to finer branched arterioles
• CAPILLARIES
– connects the smallest
arterioles and the smallest
venules
– Blood vessels with the
smallest- diameter
– Semiperable – able to
exchange substances in the
blood with substances in the
tissues
• Venules
– Continues from the
capillaries and merge to
the veins
• VEINS
– carry blood from part of
the body back to the heart
– thinner walls than arteries,
less elastic and contain
less smooth muscle
–contain valves
which prevent
back flow of
blood
• Blood Flow
• http://health.howstuffworks.com/adam-200078.htm
• Perform a heart transplant
• http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/eheart/transplant.html
THE HEART
• a hollow, muscular
organ that
contracts at regular
intervals, forcing
blood through
blood vessels
• pericardium –
membranes that
surrounds the heart
• fluid in the
pericardial cavity
helps reduce friction
as the heart moves
FOUR CHAMBERS
• The upper chambers of
the heart are the right and
left atria
• receive blood coming
into the heart
• The lower chambers are
the right and left
ventricles, pump blood
out of the heart
Septum – wall that
divides the right and left
sides of the heart
prevents the mixing of
blood
Blood Flow
• Deoxygenated blood returns from body to
the heart through the superior and inferior
vena cava
– Into R. Atrium
– To R. Ventricle
– Through
Pulmonary Artery
– To lungs (picks up O2 ,
drops off CO2
• Oxygenated Blood returns from the lungs to
the heart through the pulmonary veins
– into L. Atrium
– To the L. Ventricle
– Through the aorta
(ascending and descending)
– To the rest of the body
(drop off O2 and pick up CO2)
•
http://health.howstuffworks.com/adam-200083.htm
• Note:
All arteries carry O2 blood except for
the pulmonary artery
All veins carry de-O2 blood except for
the pulmonary vein
• Coronary arteries – supply blood to the
tissue of the heart
Valves
• valves prevent the
backflow of blood
• Blood Pressure
• http://health.howstuffworks.
com/adam-200079.htm
• Tricuspid or AV valve
– b/w
R.A. and R.V.
• Pulmonary Valve –
at the base of the pul. artery;
prevents back flow into
R.V.
• Bicuspid (mitral valve)b/w L.A. and L.V
• Aortic Valve –
at the base or the aorta;
Prevents backflow into the L.V.
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The River of Life
http://library.thinkquest.org/C0115080/?c=circ_sys
• http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/eheart/
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Aneurysms
http://health.howstuffworks.com/adam-200047.htm
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Arrhythmia
http://health.howstuffworks.com/adam-200035.htm
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Coronary Artery Disease
http://health.howstuffworks.com/adam-200082.htm
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Coronary Artery Bypass
http://health.howstuffworks.com/adam-200138.htm
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Irregular Heartbeat
http://health.howstuffworks.com/adam-200141.htm
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Angioplasty
http://health.howstuffworks.com/adam-200140.htm
Cardiomyopathy
• http://health.howstuffworks.com/adam-200045.htm