Transcript Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator

Implantable Cardioverter
Defibrillator
Rebecca Boduch
Biomedical Engineering
University of Rhode Island
Heart Disease
• Ventricular Tachycardia –
– The heart had a rapid , regular heart rhythm
– The rhythm originates in the lower chambers of the heart
• Ventricular Fibrillation –
– The heart rhythm is irregular, abnormal, and chaotic
Information about Heart Conditions
• Ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation occur most
often in patients that have damaged heart muscle or
coronary artery disease
• When ventricular tachycardia has occurred the
heart is pumping fast and in one continuous loop,
thus causing the heart chambers little time to fill
resulting in dangerously decreased amounts of blood
being pumped to the body
• Ventricular fibrillation the heart is pumping
chaotically and the chambers don’t contract
properly, causing results in dangerously decreased
blood flow
Normal Heart Rhythm
Ventricular Tachycardia Heart
Rhythm
Ventricular Fibrillation Heart Rhythm
Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator
• Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD) has
been proven to be an effective way of treating these
heart conditions
• An ICD is implanted under the skin near the
collarbone through open chest surgery
• There are leads that go from the implanted
generator down onto the surface of or in the heart
• There can be different amounts on leads
• These leads are responsible for detecting and
monitoring the heart rhythm
Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator
• If an abnormal heart
rhythm is detected, the ICD
administers a shock to the
heart, in order to “reset” the
heart rhythm
• ICD’s have been proven to
be an effective way in
prevention of death, brain
damage, and other
complications associated
with these heart conditions
Medication vs. Surgery
• Sudden Death from cardiac causes is the leading
cause of death among people with congestive heart
failure (CHF)
• A study was conducted to determine if the drug
amiodarone or an ICD improves the prognosis for
people living with heart conditions
• The study has 2521 patients who have either case 1
or case 2 CHF and also a left ventricle ejection
fraction of less than 35%
Medication vs. Surgery
• The 2521 patients were divided into three
groups
– 847 patients were treated with the conventional treatment
plus placebos
– 845 patients were treated with the conventional treatment
plus amiodarone
– 829 patients were treated with the conventional treatment
plus a single lead ICD
• The study was conducted over a 5 year period
and patients were followed up every 3 months
Conclusion
• The results of the study proved that an ICD
was more effective.
• Having an ICD reduced the risk of death by
23%
• The study also showed that amiodarone had
no added effect on the patient prognosis
• The study helped to prove in favor of ICD
therapy
Hazard Ratio
References:
• "Amiodarone or an Implantable Cardioverter–Defibrillator
for Congestive Heart Failure." The New England Journal of
Medicine 352.3 (2005): 225-37. Print.
• "Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator." American Heart
Association. American Heart Association. Web. 5 Feb. 2010.
<http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=1
1227>.
• "Ventricular Tachycardia and Ventricular Fibrillation." New
York- Presbyterian. Web. 5 Feb. 2010.
<http://nyp.org/health/ventricular-tachycardiafibrillation.html>.