Transcript Feeding Your Preschooler Child

Feeding Your Preschooler Child : Fun and Challenging!
Best Start 2011 Conference
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1. Feeding preschoolers - Where to start
2. Nutrition issues
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Eight Nutrients of Concern
Eating skills and developmental progress
Common Feeding Issues
Assistance with Special Needs
When to refer for nutrition issues?
3. Other Resources and programs
4. Conclusion
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To provide them with energy and nutrients
to grow properly and be active.
To develop their taste, acceptance and
enjoyment of different foods.
To help them feel well.
To develop healthy food habits that will last
a lifetime.
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Water
Fibre
2 Esseential Fatty
Acids
◦ Omega 3
◦ Omega 6
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13 Vitamins
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Vitamin A
Vitamin D
Vitamin E
Vitamin K
Thiamine
Riboflavin
Niacin
Biotin
Pantothenic Acid
Vitamin B6
Folic Acid
Vitamin B12
Vitamin C
23 Minerals
Sodium
Chlorine
Potassium
Calcium
Phosphorus
Magnesium
Sulphur
Iron
Zinc
Iodine
Selenium
Copper
Manganese
Fluorine
Chromium
Molybdenum
Nickel
Arsenic
Silicone
Vanadium
Cobalt
Boron
Strontium
8 Proteins
Isoleucine
Leucine
Lysine
Méthionine
Phénylalanine
Thréonine
Tryptophane
Valine
Histidine (children)
Arginine (children)
3 Carbohydrates
Glucose
Fructose
Galactose
Ref: Just the Basic.
Can. Diabetes Association
Canada Food Guide!
Quizz time!
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◦ 1. Low-nutrient foods
◦ 1. CFG
Watch
for?
 (Fat, sugar, salt)
◦ 2. Soft drinks, sports and
energy drinks
◦ 3. Low fat diets may not
supply enough energy or
nutrients for growing
children.
◦ 2. Water, milk
 Optional: ½ cup of
unsweetned juice/day
◦ 3. Nutritious higher fat
foods: peanut butter and
cheese. Regular milk,
source of (Healthy fats:
canola, soyabean, oil of
olive)
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Watch
for?
◦ 4. Eating the same food
◦ 5. Eating in front of TV,
on the go
◦ 4. Include a variety of
grains (e.g. cereals)
◦ 5. Establish routines &
rules
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Healthy Start For Life (Dietitians of Canada)
Nutrient
Function
Food Sources
Calcium
Healthy bones
and teeth
Milk, cheese, yogurt, milk in puddings and soups,
calcium fortified beverages
Iron
Healthy red
blood cells,
prevents
anemia.
Meat, fish, poultry, eggs, cooked beans and
lentils, peanut butter, nuts, seeds, fortified
breakfast cereals, dried fruit
Vitamin A
Healthy skin,
eyes and nails,
protects against
infection.
Sweet potatoes, carrots, spinach, kale, dark
orange squash, cantaloupe, sweet red peppers,
apricots, broccoli
Vitamin C
Healthy muscles
and bone,
increases iron
absorption.
Fruits
Copyright 2007. Dietitians of Canada. All rights reserved. Permission to reprint in its entirety. For non-commercial
use only. Updated 2007
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Healthy Start For Life (Dietitians of Canada)
Nutrient
Function
Food Sources
Vitamin D
Healthy
bones and
teeth
Fish liver oils, fish (salmon, mackerel, sardines,
tuna), fortified milk and margarine.
Vitamin
B12
Healthy red
blood cells
Found only in animal products such as meat,
fish, poultry, eggs, and milk products. Foods
fortified with vitamin B12 such as soy and rice
beverages, and soy-based meat substitutes.
Zinc
Healthy
growth
Red meats, some seafood (oysters), and whole
grains.
Fibre
Healthy
digestion,
prevents
constipation
Breads and cereals made with whole wheat,
wheat bran, oats, rye flour, vegetables and fruit,
cooked beans and lentils.
Copyright 2007. Dietitians of Canada. All rights reserved. Permission to reprint in its entirety. For non-commercial
use only. Updated 2007
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Watch
for?
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1. Child is in the growth curve (percentile)
2. Eating from 4 food groups?
3. Drinking 2 cups of milk/day?
Copyright 2007. Dietitians of Canada. All rights reserved. Permission to reprint in its entirety. For non-commercial
use only. Updated 2007
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Healthy Start For Life (Dietitians of Canada)
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What preschoolers like to eat
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Mild in flavor
Lukewarm in temperature
Bite-size
Not mixed together
What works with preschoolers?
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Involving them – as much as possible
2 choices – with broccoli with parsley or oregano?
Colors – Presentations
Animals
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Wants to eat the same food every day?
Takes too long to eat?
Refuses to eat?
Refuses to try new foods?
Does not eat vegetables?
Does not drink milk?
Drinks too much milk?
Refuses to eat meat?
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Children are responsible for “how much” food they eat.
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Children who are forced to eat may lose touch with their
body’s natural appetite control system. This can lead to
overeating and possible weight problems or eating
disorders.
Parents are responsible for providing healthy food choices
and setting meal and snack times.
Parents do have a role in limiting a child’s intake of foods
that are poor sources of nutrients (e.g. chips, candies).
(E. Satter Child of Mine: Feeding with Love & Good Sense –
Healthy Start for Life)
* Restricting access to palatable foods affects children’s
behavioral response, food selection, and intake (Fisher, Birch)
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Watch
for?
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1. Child eats at the table
2. Food safety (choking)
3. Responsibility of the parents/ Children
(Ellyn Satir)
4. Families eating together and role model
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Feeding problem:
◦ “A behavioural feeding disorder (BFD) occurs when
an otherwise healthy child resists or doesn’t actively
involve themselves in feeding for which they are
developmentally capable”
◦ Special population: Autism, Developmental delay,
dysphagia, neurological impairment
◦ * Drugs affecting appetite: Ritalin, amphetamines,
antimetabolites, etc.
◦ Ref: Berall, North York Gen. Hospital, Paeditrics
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Autism:
◦ Sensory issues (taste, texture, smell, visual, change)
◦ Stimulation issues
◦ (The Prevalence and Type of feeding problems in
Austistic Children: B. McDevitt, K. Balko et al)
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Developmental Delay:
◦ Oral motor difficulties
◦ Sensory defensiveness issues (hands in sand,
brushing teeth, food in hands)
◦ *Behavioural feeding issues
◦ Ref: Berall, North York Gen. Hospital, Paeditrics
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Dysphagia
◦ Position, coordination of lips, tongue, teeth,
Pharyngeal sensation, muscle contraction,
ventilation swallow coordination, esophageal
acceptance
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Development normal but food beyond
developmental capability
◦ (puree surprise, textural difficulty, double
consistencies)
◦ Ref: Berall, North York Gen. Hospital, Paeditrics
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Behavioural (interactive/ structural and
nutritional)
Poor food acceptance
Under-eating
Failure to progress to table food
Inappropriate mealtime behaviours
Forced feeding, force to finish, sick kids, use of distraction
Structural issues: No structure, prolonged feeding time,
excess attention to eating or not eating
◦ Interference with hunger and normal dev. Drive
◦ Excessive volume of milk/juice/sugar drinks
◦ Inappropriate food texture
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Ref: Berall, North York Gen. Hospital, Paeditrics
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Identify the source
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Structure : 3 meals- 20 min, 1-3 snacks, 15 min
Let the child decide the quantity
Create a positive, calm, * fun time at meals
Model (eat with child), make yourself busy after
Respond to feeding cues (satiety)
Encourage self-feeding (don’t worry about mess)
Allow child to play & explore food
Liquid at end of meal
Offer favourite foods infrequently, provide same foods for
the family.
When in doubt? Refers
Hospital,
Ref: Berall, North York Gen.
Paeditrics
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Preschooler appetites vary so let them
decide how much he/she wants to eat.
Provide a variety of nutritious foods to
support normal growth and development.
Involve your child in daily physical activity.
Limit the time your child spends watching
television or playing computer games.
Be a good role model for healthy eating and
active living.
If you are not sure if the child is eating well
contact a registered dietitian.
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NutriSTEPS (www.nutristeps.ca)
Menu planning - Meal Planning calendars
Growth Chart? EatRight Ontario
Healthy Eating: EatRight Ontario
Eat Right Be Active (Service Ontario)
6-12 month: Feeding your Baby Service
Ontario)
Guidelines for Choosing Food for Community
Programs (handout)
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Sylvie Boulet
Registered Dietitian
Lifestyle With A Passion
705-534-0019
sylvie@lifestylewithapassion
Lifestylewithapassion.com
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