Transcript Circulatory System

Circulatory System
Introduction
Imagine turning on a faucet. What
happens?
 Just as you expect water to flow when you
turn on the faucet, your body needs a
continuous supply of oxygen and nutrients
and a way to remove wastes.
 Materials are moved throughout your body
by your cardiovascular system in a similar
way.
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Blood vessels carry the blood to every part of
your body.
Blood moves oxygen and nutrients to cells and
carries carbon dioxide and other wastes away
from the cells.
Movement of materials into and out of the cells
occurs by diffusion and active transport.
Diffusion occurs when a material moves from
an area where there is more of it to an area
where there is less of it.
Active transport is the opposite of diffusion
and requires energy and diffusion does not.
The Heart
Your heart is an organ made of cardiac
muscular tissue.
 Your heart has 4 chambers: 2 upper
chambers are called right and left
atriums and the 2 lower chambers are
called right and left ventricles.
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Atria & Ventricles
During one heartbeat, both atriums contract at the same
time.
 Then both ventricles contract at the same time.
 A one way valve separates each atrium from the
ventricle below it.
 The blood flows in only one direction from an atrium to a
ventricle, then from a ventricle into a blood vessel.
 A wall prevents blood from flowing between the two
atriums or the two ventricles. This wall keeps blood rich
in oxygen separate from blood low in oxygen. If the
oxygen-rich blood and oxygen-poor blood were to mix,
your body’s cells would not get all the oxygen they need.
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3 Types of Circulation
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Scientists have divided the circulatory
system into 3 sections-coronary,
pulmonary, and systemic circulation.
Coronary Circulation
Is the flow of blood to and from the
tissues of the heart.
 When the coronary circulation is blocked,
oxygen and nutrients cannot reach all the
cells of the heart. This can result in a
heart attack.
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Pulmonary Circulation
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The flow of blood through the heart to the lungs and
back to the heart.
The blood returning from the body through the right side
of the heart and to the lungs contains cellular wastes.
In the lungs, these wastes diffuse out of the blood, and
oxygen diffuses into the blood. Then the blood returns to
the left side of the heart.
The oxygen-rich blood is pumped from the left ventricle
into the aorta, the largest artery in your body.
The oxygen-rich blood flows to all parts of your body.
Systemic Circulation
Oxygen-rich blood moves to all of your organs
and body tissues, except the heart and lungs, by
systemic circulation.
 This is the largest of the 3 sections of your
circulatory system.
 Oxygen-rich blood flows from your heart in the
arteries of this system. Nutrients and oxygen
are then delivered by the blood to your body
cells and exchanged for carbon dioxide and
wastes. The blood then returns to your heart in
the veins of the systemic circulation system.
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Blood Vessels
Blood moves by the pumping of the heart
and flows from arteries to veins.
 Capillaries are the connections between
arteries and veins.
 All are considered to be blood vessels.
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Arteries
As blood is pumped out of the heart, it travels through
arteries, capillaries, then veins.
 Arteries are blood vessels that carry blood away from
the heart. They have thick, elastic walls made of
connective tissue and smooth muscle tissue.
 Each ventricle of the heart is connected to an artery.
 The right ventricle is connected to the pulmonary
artery.
 The left ventricle is connected to the aorta.
 Every time your heart contracts, blood is moved from
your heart into arteries.
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Veins
The blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart are
called veins.
 Veins have one-way valves that keep blood moving
toward the heart. If the blood flows backward, the
pressure of the blood against the valves cause them to
close.
 The flow of blood through the veins is also helped by
your skeletal muscles. When skeletal muscles contract,
the veins in these muscles are squeezed and help blood
move toward the heart.
 Two major veins return blood from your body to your
heart- superior vena cava returns blood from your
head and neck, inferior vena cava returns blood from
your abdomen and lower body.
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Capillaries
Arteries and veins are connected by microscopic
blood vessels called capillaries.
 The walls of capillaries are only one cell thick
making it easy for nutrients and oxygen to
diffuse into body cells and cellular waste to
diffuse into capillaries from body cells.
 You can see capillaries when you have a
bloodshot eye. They are the tiny red lines you
see in the white area of your eye.
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Blood Pressure
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Is the force of blood on the walls of the blood vessels.
This pressure is highest in arteries and lowest in veins.
Normal resting pulse rates are 60 to 100 heartbeats per
minute for adults and 80 to 100 beats per minute for
children.
Blood pressure is measured in large arteries and is
expressed in two numbers. (120 over 80)
Systolic pressure is the first number and it is a
measure of pressure caused when the ventricles contract
and blood is pushed out of the heart.
The second number is diastolic pressure and it occurs
as the ventricles fill with blood just before they contract
again.
Your body tries to keep blood pressure normal.
Cardiovascular Disease
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Atherosclerosis is caused by fatty deposits that build up on
arterial walls. Eating foods high in cholesterol and saturated fats
can cause these deposits to form. This can occur in any artery of
the body, but is especially serious in coronary arteries.
Hypertension or high blood pressure is caused when blood
pressure is higher than normal. Most of the time, extra strain is put
on the heart and it must work harder to keep blood flowing.
Atherosclerosis is one cause of this.
Heart Failure results when the heart cannot pump blood
efficiently. It can be caused when heart tissue is weakened by
disease or when heart valves do not work properly. People with
heart failure usually are short of breath and tired. They also
experience fluid build up in the arms, legs, and lungs.
Smoking causes blood vessels to contract and makes the heart
beat faster and harder. It also increases carbon monoxide levels in
the blood.