Transcript Pericardium
Heart Anatomy Contents Position External morphology Cardiac Chambers Structure of the Heart Conduction System Vessels of the Heart Pericardium Position of the heart • Lies within the pericardium in middle mediastinum • Behind the body of sternum and coastal cartilages 2 to 6 • In front of thoracic vertebrae 5 to 8 • A third of it lies to the right of median plan and 2/3 to the left External morphology • one apex, • one base, • two surfaces • three borders • three grooves Atria Auricles Anterior Interventricular Sulcus Posterior Interventricular Sulcus Left Ventricle Right Ventricle Cardiac chambers • right atrium • right ventricle • left atrium • left ventricle Chambers of the Heart Right atrium Pectinate Muscle Right ventricle tricuspid valve Left atrium Papillary muscles Trabeculae carneae Left ventricle mitral valve Left ventricle inflow and outflow tracts (divided by the ant.cusp of the bicuspid valves) ※ the papillary muscles(2 groups) Heart Valves Bicuspid (mitral) valve Aortic valve Tricuspid valve Pulmonary valve Semilunar valve Ventricle systole Ventricle diastole Tricuspid valve & mitral valve tricuspid valve mitral valve Ventricle diastole or systole ? Ventricle diastole or systole ? Structure of the heart the walls of the heart 3 layers — endocardium *continue with the lining of the large blood vessels — myocardium *2 kinds: the ordinary cardiac muscles the specially m. — epicardium • Septum interatrial septum ----Oval fossa interventricular septum ----Membranous part Structure the walls of the heart 3 layers —endocardium *continue with the lining of the large blood vessels —myocardium *2 kinds: the ordinary cardiac muscles the specially m. — epicardium • Septum interatrial septum ----Oval fossa interventricular septum ----Membranous part Atria Septum Ventricles Left ventricle Conduction System It is consists of the special cardiac muscles 5 parts: Sinoatrial node Atrioventricular node, Atrio-ventricular bundle Left and right branches Purkinje fibers. — The sinoatrial node (SAN) *It is lies the junction between the right auricle and the sup.vena cava — The atrioventricular node (AVN) *It is lies in the lower portion of the interatrial septum just above the orifice of the coronary sinus — Purkinje fibers Electrocardiogram Vessels of Heart • The arteries the left coronary a. the right coronary a. • The veins of the heart the coronary sinus the ant. cardiac v. the smallest v. Coronary arteries right coronary a. left coronary a. The arteries The left coronary a. arises from the left aortic sinus 2 branches: ant.interventricular br. and circumflex br. To supply the left atrium, left ventricle, the anterior surface of the right ventricle,anterior 2/3 of the interventricular septum,sometimes, supply the SAN and AVN. The arteries The right coronary a. arise from the right aortic sinus and runs along the right portion of the coronary groove 2 branches: post interventricular branch post branch of the left venticle To supply right atrium, right ventriclepost. 1/3 of the interventricular septum, the diaphragmatic surface of left ventricle,the SAN and AVN. Catheter Coronary stent 冠状动脉支架 coronary artery bypass graft 冠状动脉搭桥术 Heart transplant Artificial Heart 人工心脏 The arteries The coronary sinus It lies in the post.portion of the coronary sulcus between the left atrium and left ventricle. It opens into the right atrium. It receives:the great cardiac v.,the middle cardiac v. and small cardiac v. The ant. cardiac v. The smallest v. Coronary sinus Coronary Sulcus Pericardium 1. It comprises 2 sacs: fibrous pericardium serous pericardium: parietal layer visceral layer 2.The pericardial cavity: the transverse sinus the oblique sinus Pericardium 1. It comprises 2 sacs: fibrous pericardium serous pericardium: parietal layer visceral layer 2.The pericardial cavity: the transverse sinus the oblique sinus Pericardium 1. It comprises 2 sacs: fibrous pericardium serous pericardium: parietal layer visceral layer 2.The pericardial cavity: the transverse sinus the oblique sinus the transverse sinus the oblique sinus 思考题： 试述心的位置和体表投影 试述心的外形及心腔分部 心腔内面能观察到哪些结构？ 使心腔血液定向流动的结构有哪些？ 试述控制心跳节律的结构基础 试述心的血液供应