Transcript Presentation

The Heart
By: Erin Sawyers
Anatomy
Blood Flow
Sinus Rhythm
 Normal
rhythm of a healthy heart
 Set by Sinoatrial (SA) Node- natural pacemaker
 Normal cardiac impulses start there and are
transmitted to the atria and down to the
ventricles
 Normal adult: 60-80 beats/min.
Cardiovascular Disease
 Arrhythmia
 Heart
Attack
 Stroke
 Aortic Stenosis
 Coronary Artery Disease
 Hypertension
 Rheumatic Fever/Heart Disease
 Congestive Heart Failure
Arrhythmias
BRADYCARDIA:
 Heart rate lower than normal
 Less than 60 beats/min.
 Caused by aging, some medications, or diseases
that cause damage to hearts electrical system
Bradycardia: Symptoms
 Asymptomatic
or:
 Dizzy
 Drop
in blood pressure
 Lightheaded
 Tired
 Chest Pain
 Shortness of breath
Bradycardia: Treatment
 Treatment
depends on cause
 If no symptoms present, then no treatment is
given
 Pacemaker may be used for treatment
 If for some reason severe bradycardia is not
treated, it can lead to other serious problems,
including fainting and injuries from fainting,
seizures, and death.
Tachycardia
 Heart
rate higher than normal
 100-180 beats/min as occurs during exercise or
other conditions that lead to increased SA nodal
firing rate
 Caused by heart disease, an overactive thyroid
gland, fever, or by drinking alcohol or
caffeinated beverages
Tachycardia: Symptoms
 Breathlessness
 Upset
stomach
 Chest pain
 Weakness
 Fainting spells
Tachycardia: Treatment
 SELF
HELP:
 Splash face with cold water
 Take a slow drink of water
 Holding your breath
 ADVANCED TREATMENT (PHYSICAIN):
 Medication
 Apply pressure to arteries
PVC’s
 Premature
Ventricular Contraction
 The ventricles fire an early impulse which causes
the heart to beat earlier causing irregularity in
the heart rhythm.
 Commonly caused by excessive caffeine intake,
high blood pressure, heart attacks, and some
medications
PVC’s
 Usually
harmless except with pre-existing
disease
 Common in teens in young adults
 Early or extra heartbeats
 Feeling that the heart “Skips a beat”
PVC’s: Symptoms
 Can
be asymptomatic
 Palpitations in chest and neck
 Weakness
 Dizziness
 Syncope (Fainting)
 Feeling that the heart briefly stopped
PVC’s: Treatment
 If
asymptomatic no treatment is necessary
 If they are frequent or symptomatic medication
may be recommended
Heart Murmur
 Lubb
dubb dubb
 Swishing or whistling sound
 Caused by defective heart valves
 Can be caused by heart attack, hypertension,
fever, or anemia
 Some can be harmless
Heart Attack
 Myocardial
Infarction
 Occurs
when the blood flow to part of the heart
is blocked.
 If
blood flow is completely cut off, part of the
heart muscle begins to die.
Heart Attack
 Sudden
and Intense
Warning Signs:
 Chest discomfort
 Shortness of breath
 Nausea
 Lightheadedness
Stroke
 Caused
by the clogging of the blood vessel that
supplies oxygen to the brain.
 Can
also be caused by the rupture of the vessel
 Effects
are sudden and immediate
Stroke
Warning Signs:
 Numbness
 Confusion
 Trouble seeing
 Trouble walking, dizziness, or loss of balance
 Sudden severe headache
Aortic Stenosis
 Caused
by normal “wear and tear”
 Symptoms
include: Shortness of breath, chest
pain, blackout spells, lightheaded
 Diagnosed
 Question
by Echocardiograms
is not whether to do surgery, but when
Coronary Artery Disease
 America’s
number 1 killer
 arteries that supply blood to the heart become
hardened and narrowed due to plaque buildup
 blood flow to the heart muscle is reduced
causing the muscle to not receive the amount of
oxygen needed
 Can contribute to heart failure and arrhythmias
Hypertension
 High
blood pressure
 The danger is that you usually can’t tell if you
have high blood pressure
 No signs and no one knows what causes it
 Can lead to hardened arteries, heart failure,
stroke, or heart attacks
Rheumatic Fever/ Heart Disease
 Serious
inflammatory condition
 Symptoms generally appear within five weeks
after untreated strep throat
 Interferes with normal blood flow to heart
 Symptoms include: weakness, shortness of
breath, chest pain.
 No cure
 Now has become relatively uncommon
Congestive Heart Failure
 Heart
can’t pump enough blood
 Signs: Fatigue, shortness of breath, irregular
heart beat, coughing or wheezing , and fluid
retention
 Develops after other cardiac conditions have
damaged or weakened your heart.
Women vs. CVD
 Claims
more women’s lives than the next five
causes of death combined!!
 About 500,000 women’s lives a year
 Risk increases with age. Over 45 million women
were 50 and older.
 Lives CVD claimed: 483,842
Cancer: 267,902
 Still, some believe that CVD is not a real
problem for women.