Transcript An Invitation to Health Chapter 14 Keeping Your Heart Healthy

The Healthy Heart
Chambers of the Heart
Left Atrium
Receives oxygenated
blood from the lungs.
Left Ventricle
Pumps blood rich in
oxygen through the aorta
to the arteries to nourish
the body systems.
Right Atrium
Receives blood
through the
superior and
inferior vena cava.
Right Ventricle
Pumps blood in need of
oxygen to the lungs.
Development of Atherosclerosis
Fatty Streaks Develop on the Arterial Walls at Injury Spots
Growth and Hardening of Fatty Streaks
Plaque Formation (well developed by age 30)
Narrowing and Loss of Elasticity of the Arteries
Restriction of Blood Flow to the Heart or Brain
Limited Oxygen Delivery to the Heart or Brain
Blood Pressure Elevation
Blood Clot Formation and Thrombosis
Angina, Heart Attack and/or Stroke
The
Atherosclerotic
Process
Blood Pressure
Definition: A measure of the force exerted against the walls of
the vessels by the blood flowing through them.
Systolic Blood Pressure
Pressure exerted by blood
against walls of the
arteries
during forceful contraction
of the heart.
Diastolic Blood Pressure
Pressure exerted by blood
against the walls of the
arteries during
relaxation of the heart.
Sphygmomanometer &
Stethoscope
What Is a Healthy Blood Pressure?
115/75 mm Hg
HEALTHY READING
120-139/80-90 mm Hg
PREHYPERTENSION
140-159/90-99 mm Hg
160+/100+ mm Hg
HYPERTENSION
Preventing Hypertension
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Lifestyle Changes
Losing weight.
Regular exercise.
Dietary Approaches To Stop
Hypertension (DASH Diet).
Restriction of daily sodium intake.
Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease
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Factors You Can
Factors You Can’t
Control
Control
Physical Inactivity
 Heredity
Tobacco
 Race and Ethnicity
Obesity
 Age
Blood Fats
 Gender
Metabolic Syndrome  Bacterial Infection
Diabetes Mellitus
Tobacco and Heart Disease
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Smoking is the single most significant risk factor
for CV disease and peripheral vascular disease.
Each year smoking causes 250,000+ deaths
from cardiovascular disease.
Active vs. passive smoking.
How Smoking Damages The Heart:
 Nicotine overstimulates the heart.
 Carbon monoxide reduce the oxygen
supply to the
heart.
 Tars and other smoke residues increase the risk of
cholesterol build-up in the arteries.
 Smoking increases blood clotting.
 Smoking causes irreversible damage to the arteries.
Understanding Blood Lipids
Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL) - Fatty substances
produced by the liver that carry cholesterol to arterial
walls: “bad” cholesterol
High Density Lipoproteins (HDL) – Fatty substance
that picks up cholesterol in the bloodstream and
returns it to the liver; “good cholesterol
Triglycerides – Fats that flow through the blood after
meals and have been linked to increased risk of
coronary artery disease
Serum Cholesterol Guidelines
Amount
Rating
Total
Cholesterol
<200 mg/dl
200-239 mg/dl
>240 mg/dl
Desirable
Borderline High
High Risk
LDL
Cholesterol
Less than 100
mg/dl
100-129 mg/dl
130-159 mg/dl
160-189 mg/dl
190+ mg/dl
Optimal
Near Optimal
Borderline High
High
Very High
HDL
cholesterol
>45 mg/dl
36-44 mg/dl
<35 mg/dl
Desirable
Borderline High
High Risk
The Lifestyle Syndrome
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Definition: A cluster of conditions and
diseases that result from:
 Consuming
too many calories.
 Ingesting too much saturated fat, sodium, and
alcohol.
 Not burning up enough calories.
 Smoking or being exposed to tobacco smoke.
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Consequences:
 Hypertension,
metabolic syndrome, obesity, high
cholesterol, cardiovascular disease, cancer,
osteoarthritis, depression, sexual dysfunction,
and diabetes mellitus.
Unclogging The Arteries
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Cholesterol-lowering drugs
Low-fat diet
Dean Ornish Diet (without
medications)
 Very low-fat diet (8% of total
daily calories)
 Moderate exercise for 1 hour
three times per week.
 Stress counseling.
 One hour of yoga, meditation,
breathing, and progressive
relaxation per day.
Heart-Smart Strategies For Life
Don’t smoke
Watch your weight
Cut down on saturated fat and cholesterol
Get moving
Lower your stress levels
Know your family history
Get your blood pressure checked regularly
Tame your temper
Get a lipoprotein profile
Take appropriate medications