Transcript The Circulatory System: The Human Heart

The Circulatory System:
Treatment of Heart
Disease
Types of Treatment for Heart Disease
• There are many types of heart disease,
therefore, there are many treatments.
• We will focus on the following:
– Coronary Heart Disease
• Angioplasty
• Stents
• Coronary bypass surgery
– Abnormal Heart Rhythms
• Pacemakers
Angioplasty
• A blockage exists in one of the coronary
arteries.
• A catheter with a “balloon” at the end, is
pushed through a main vein or artery to the
site of the plaque.
• When the balloon is positioned at the site of
the plaque, it is inflated and the plaque
compressed, opening the artery.
Angioplasty
• http://www.invisionguide.com/heart/flash/in
dex_reg.php
Stents
• Usually used following angioplasty.
• Stents are wire mesh tubes that are inserted
into the area of blockage to keep the plaque
compressed.
• When placed in the artery and released, they
expand (much like the angioplasty balloon)
and compress the plaque.
• They are left in the persons body for the rest
of their life.
Stents
• http://www.invisionguide.com/heart/flash/in
dex_reg.php
Coronary Bypass Surgery
• What is a bypass? When is it necessary for a
person to have bypass surgery?
– A person has a severely blocked artery.
– It is not fixable by other means, such as
angioplasty and/or stents.
– The surgeon actually has to build a new coronary
artery.
Coronary Bypass Surgery
• How is a bypass constructed?
– An unimportant vein/artery is removed from the
leg.
– This vein/artery is then attached to the heart in
such a way that blood is diverted around the
blockage, and directed to the part of the heart
that needs it.
• One end is attached to the aorta. Why?
• One end is attached to the coronary artery BELOW the
site of the blockage (plaque). Why?
Coronary Bypass Surgery
• http://www.invisionguide.com/heart/flash/in
dex_reg.php
Coronary Bypass Surgery
Coronary Bypass Surgery
Pacemakers
• Some people have abnormal heart rhythms
(arrhythmias) that are detrimental to their
health.
• Their hearts conduction system is malfunctioning.
– Electrical impulses are not coordinated the way they
should be.
– Person can no longer rely on their heart to generate
the correct impulses.
• This is when a pacemaker is needed…
Pacemakers
• What is a pacemaker?
– A pacemaker is a small device surgically placed
under the skin of the chest or abdomen.
• It contains:
– Battery
– Computerized generator
– Wires with electrodes on one end
• The battery powers the generator, and a thin metal box
surrounds both it and the generator.
• The wires connect the generator to the heart.
Pacemakers
Pacemakers
Pacemakers
Pacemakers
– Helps control abnormal heart rhythms by using electrical
pulses to prompt the heart to beat at a normal rate.
– The pacemaker's generator sends the electrical pulses that
correct the heart’s rhythm.
– A computer chip figures out what types of electrical pulses
to send to the heart and when those pulses are needed.
– Newer versions of the technology can:
• Monitor and record the heart's electrical activity and the rhythm
of the heartbeat.
• Monitor blood temperature
• Monitor breathing rate
• Adjust heart rate to changes in activity.
Pacemakers
Pacemakers
• http://www.invisionguide.com/heart/flash/in
dex_reg.php
Pacemaker vs. ICD
• Implantable Cardio-defibrillator (ICD)
– Fibrillation
• Rapid, irregular, and unsynchronized contraction of the heart.
– Atrial fibrillation is not typically fatal.
– Ventricular fibrillation (V-fib) can be rapidly fatal.
– When a person is in V-fib, there is no blood getting to the
tissues of their body.
• The ventricles are just quivering rather than beating.
– This is when an external defibrillator would be used.
• Electrified paddles applied to the chest and discharged.
• Shocks the heart back into normal rhythm.
– For people with a chronic problem, a small defibrillator can
be implanted in their chest.
• Shocks the heart when ever it deems necessary.
– These are NOT pacemakers!!!
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Team 4
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Row 4 = Team 4
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Raised areas
Recessed areas
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What part of the brain has been
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Team Scores
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The eardrum is associated with
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Team Scores
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Team 1
Team 2
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Which of the following are
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Team Scores
0
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Team 1
Team 2
Team 3
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Team 4
The sense of a person’s position in
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Sight
Inner ear
Touch
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Team Scores
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Team 5
Which of the following systems are closely
linked with the endocrine system?
Circulatory System
Skeletal System
Respiratory System
Nervous System
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Team Scores
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Team 4
Which gland is the control center of
the endocrine system?
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Adrenal
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4.
Team Scores
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0
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Team 1
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Team 3
0
Team 4