Transcript Academic Integrity - Grapevine-Colleyville Independent School District

Academic Integrity
Identifying Cheating,
Plagiarism and Avoiding
the Pitfalls
What is cheating?
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According to Webster’s Dictionary, the verb
“cheat” means to deceive; do something
which is not honest
Academic cheating is taking the work of
another, on any assignment, and claiming it
as your own
What does “academic cheating” look
like?
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Copying and/or offering homework verbally, in written form, or by
electronic means
Copying and/or offering answers on tests verbally, in written form, or
by electronic means
Pressuring other students to cheat
Bringing in and using unauthorized information during class time,
including information stored in any electronic device
Having anyone, including parents or tutors, complete assignments and
submitting the work as one’s own
Presenting collaborative works as independent work and independent
work as collaborative. (In group work, one person should not and will
not bear that burden for the entire group assignment.)
Copying answers from answer guides in texts.
Fabricating data, information, or sources. Presenting made up material
as authentic.
Is he cheating?
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Several people arrive in English class and
Chris asks if anyone has the math homework
that’s due next period. Susan, wanting to
impress Chris, hands her homework over to
him and he begins to copy down her
answers.
YES!
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Chris is copying homework in written form
Chris is also inadvertently pressuring Susan
to cheat
Susan is also guilty of cheating because she
offered information that was not meant to be
shared
Is she cheating?
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During the passing period, Becky receives a
text from her friend, Sharon, asking for an
answer to a question on Ms. Nugent’s literary
terms quiz that she already took 1st period.
Becky texts Sharon the answer, plus a
couple hints on what else to expect on the
quiz.
YES!
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Becky offered Sharon answers on a quiz by
electronic means
Becky also offered Sharon information that
was not be shared
Is he cheating?
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Students are given the first five minutes of
class to study for their test using their review
sheet. Ms. Groters asks everyone to put their
stuff away and get out a pencil to take the
test. Ted places his backpack over his review
sheet. Upon getting stuck on the third
question, he “accidentally” kicks the
backpack aside and glances down for the
answer.
YES!
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Ted used unauthorized material while taking
the test
Is she cheating?
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Miranda is falling behind in history class because of
her busy volleyball schedule. She asks Ms. Carey for
extra credit so that she can get her grade up to
passing and continue to play. Ms. Carey gives
Miranda a newspaper article to read and summarize
that is due next class. Miranda has a math test to
study for that night and a big game the following
evening. To help her daughter out, Miranda’s mom
reads the article while Miranda is at her game and
tells her what to write for the summary when she
gets home. Miranda turns the extra credit
assignment in to Ms. Carey the following day.
Yes!
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Miranda’s mother completed her extra credit
assignment, though she didn’t type it, she did
it, and Miranda submitted the assignment as
her own.
Are they cheating?
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Gracie and Janice are trying to analyze a
poem for Ms. Norman’s class. They need to
find an example of a metaphor in the poem.
Neither of them can remember what a
metaphor is, so Janice “googles” metaphor
on her iPhone. They find the definition and
are able to identify an example in the poem.
No!
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Gracie and Janice used resources
appropriately to help them complete their
homework successfully
Is she cheating?
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Susan was disappointed with the group she
was assigned to for her biology lab. She
knew they were not responsible and wouldn’t
do the work. So, Susan told the group that
she would do all of the work and type up the
lab report herself. Becky, Sharon and Ted
agree to let Susan do it all.
Yes! They’re ALL cheating!
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Susan is presenting her lab report as
collaborative work even though she did it all
herself
Becky, Sharon and Ted are taking credit for
the work that they did not do
Are they cheating?
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Ted and Chris are working on math problems. Coach
Somerville has allowed the students to work in pairs.
Ted and Chris get stuck on the eighth problem.
Coach Somerville has left the teacher’s edition of the
text at the front of the room and is helping some
other students in the back of the room. Ted gets up
to sharpen his pencil and notices the teacher’s
edition of the text has been left open on the page
with the answers to the problems. He quickly scans
the page, sees the answer to the eighth problem,
forgets to sharpen his pencil and goes back to his
desk and writes the answer down.
No!...wait, I mean…Yes!
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Ted copied the answer from the answer
guide (teacher’s edition of the text)
Is she cheating?
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Sharon is finishing her HUGE psychology
research paper and discovers that she did
not write down all of the citation information
for the sources she used. Instead of going
back to the library, she decides to make up
page numbers, publisher names, and cities
where the material was published.
YES!
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Sharon fabricated sources and presented the
material as authentic on her Works Cited
page
What is Plagiarism?
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Most students recognize intentional
plagiarism which includes:
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Purchasing papers from other students or online
sites and submitting them as your own work.
Using the copy and paste feature to recreate long
portions of text from other previously printed
sources and claiming them as your own work.
So How Do We Avoid Plagiarism?
By Using
Proper Citation
Methods.
Unintentional Plagiarism
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But, are you aware that many students are guilty of
unintentional plagiarism?
Unintentional plagiarism occurs when:
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You submit your own work which was previously turned in to
another teacher
You paraphrase or summarize information form a source
without proper documentation and citations
You confuse general or common knowledge with
information that needs to be cited
You do not follow all of the necessary formatting of your
prescribed citation style
Why do we cite our sources?
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It gives credit where credit is due.
It directs the readers of our work to find the
original material that helped us to formulate
and support our ideas.
It convinces our audience that our claims are
rationale, supported and well-thought out.
What Doesn’t Need to be Cited
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Your own life experiences and personally
gained knowledge
Common or General Knowledge
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Items like well known dates
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Declaration signed in 1776
Information that all or most experts would agree
upon.
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George Washington was the 1st President
What Needs to be Cited
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Any direct quote taken from another’s source
(Books, Journals, Magazines, Newspapers,
Speeches, Websites, BLOGs, Movies, etc.)
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These must be placed within quotation marks
(“ “)
You must indicate an author’s name and page number as
well
Even one or two words written verbatim must be enclosed
in quotation marks
Also Cite…
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Any information you gained from reading or
viewing another source
All summarized or paraphrased information
must have an author referenced and page
numbers included for your audience to be
able to reference the original sources
If you are unsure if something needs to be
cited—cite it!
Plagiarism at Play
Can You Identify the
errors in the following
Student Samples?
Here is the Original Passage from
Newsweek Magazine
It is a familiar nightmare: a person suffers a heart
attack, and as the ambulance fights heavy traffic, the
patient dies. In fact, 350,000 American heart attack
victims each year die without ever reaching a hospital.
The killer in many cases is ventricular fibrillation,
uncoordinated contraction of the heart muscle. Last
week a team of Dutch physicians reported in The New
England Journal of Medicine that these early deaths
can often be prevented by administration of a common
heart drug called lidocaine, injected into the patient’s
shoulder muscle by ambulance paramedics as soon as
they arrive on the scene.
--from “First Aid for Heart Attacks,” Newsweek,
November 11, 1985, page 88
Here is Sample One
It is a common nightmare: as the ambulance sits in
heavy traffic, a person with a heart attack dies, often
a victim of ventricular fibrillation, uncoordinated
contraction of the heart muscle. Today, however,
these early deaths can often be prevented by an
injection into the patient’s shoulder of a common
heart drug called lidocaine, which may be
administered by paramedics on the scene.
Has this student plagiarized? Why or why not?
Why is it plagiarized?
Answer: Plagiarism
•All highlighted areas are direct quotes
that have not been offset by quotation
marks.
•No original source reference has been
made.
•No page numbers have been referenced.
It is a common nightmare: as the ambulance sits in
heavy traffic, a person with a heart attack dies, often
a victim of ventricular fibrillation, uncoordinated
contraction of the heart muscle. Today, however,
these early deaths can often be prevented by an
injection into the patient’s shoulder of a common
heart drug called lidocaine, which may be
administered by paramedics on the scene.
Here is Sample Two
According to Newsweek, 350,000 American heart
attack victims die before reaching help in hospitals
(“First Aid for Heart Attacks” 88). However, a
common heart drug called lidocaine, which may be
injected into the patient by paramedics on the scene
of the attack, may save many victims who die en
route to doctors and sophisticated life-saving
equipment.
Has this student plagiarized? Why or why not?
Answer: Plagiarism
What did they do right?
They attributed their
statistic to its source.
What did they still do
wrong?
They left direct quotes without
quotation marks (shown in
yellow).
They borrowed most of the
information in their
paragraph from the article
and only cited one statistic
(shown in blue).
According to Newsweek, 350,000
American heart attack victims die
before reaching help in hospitals
(“First Aid for Heart Attacks” 88).
However, a common heart drug
called lidocaine, which may be
injected into the patient by
paramedics on the scene of the
attack, may save many victims
who die en route to doctors and
sophisticated life-saving
equipment.
Here is Sample Three
Ambulance paramedics can, and often do, play a vital life-saving
role today. They are frequently the first medical assistance
available, especially to those patients or accident victims far
away from hospitals. Moreover, according to a Newsweek
report, paramedics are now being trained to administer
powerful drugs to help the sick survive until they reach doctors
and medical equipment. For instance, paramedics can inject
the common heart drug lidocaine into heart attack victims on
the scene, an act that may save many of the 350,000
Americans who die of heart attacks before ever reaching a
hospital (“First Aid for Heart Attacks” 88).
Has this student plagiarized? Why or why not?
Answer: Properly Cited
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What did this student do correctly?
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They used an introductory phrase to set off where
researched evidence was being included in their
work.
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Moreover, according to a Newsweek report
They used a parenthetical citation with article
name and a page number to show they were no
longer referring to someone else’s work
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(“First Aid for Heart Attacks” 88).
Remember…
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Just because you are not using a direct quote, you
must give credit to another’s ideas.
Quotation marks show exactly where and when a
direct quote begins and stops.
With a summary or a paraphrase, your introductory
phrase marks the beginning of another’s ideas. The
parenthetical citation marks the end of their ideas.
The audience assumes that any text outside
quotation marks or patterns of introductory phrases
and in-text citations, are your original thoughts or
experiences.
One Last Time
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Citation is a good thing—it
shows your ideas are
supported with evidence.
Any information that isn’t
commonly known or that was
not experienced by you
personally, must be cited.
If you had to look up the
information, make sure you
cited it (whether it’s a direct
quote, a summary or a
paraphrase).
Works Cited
Wyrick, Jean. Steps to Writing Well with Additional Readings. Seventh
Edition. Boston: Thomson Wadsworth, 2008.
Colleyville Heritage High School Code of Academic Integrity
Ms. Nugent, Mrs. Groters, Mrs. Koehler, Mrs. Broker