Transcript Slide 1
Cardiovascular and Lymphatic System Chapter 9 ROOT • • • • • • • stetho, thoraco- chest angio, vaso- vessel arterio- artery arteriole- arteriole atrio- atrium cardio- heart phlebo, vene, veni, veno- vein Cardiovascular System (CVS) • • • • Heart (_______________) Blood vessels Blood ________________________ CAT Apex: ventral and L of midline •Acts as a pump to circulate the blood throughout the body •To nourish the tissues and remove their waste products -Made of cardiac muscle (involuntary, striated) -Hollow, 4-chambered organ -Size varies with species -located in the thoracic cavity GIRAFFE Base: craniodorsal PERICARDIUM __________________ THAT COVERS THE HEART • The pericardium itself (outside) • Parietal layer – lines the _________ pericardium • Visceral layer (____________) – directly covers the heart’s surface Between the parietal and visceral layers is the _________________________ HEART WALL • EPICARDIUM (________ layer of membrane) • MYOCARDIUM (muscle) • ENDOCARDIUM (_________________ _____________) CANINE WITH CARDIOMEGALY NORMAL CANINE HEART There are 4 chambers within the heart -The 2 craniodorsal chambers are ATRIA -The 2 caudoventral chambers are VENTRICLES -The heart is divided into right and left sides -The INTERATRIAL SEPTUM divides the 2 atria and the INTERVENTRICULAR SEPTUM divides the 2 ventricles CHAMBERS OF THE HEART • The ATRIA are ____________________ chambers for blood – _______________ walled • The VENTRICLES are _______________ chambers – ____________________ walled – left ventricle is ________________ because it is responsible for pumping blood throughout the body (except the lungs, which is done by the right ventricle) • The RIGHT side of the heart receives blood from the body’s tissues and sends it to the lungs to be ______________________ • The LEFT side of the heart receives the oxygenated blood from the lungs and sends it out to the ________________________ THERE ARE 4 MAIN VALVES IN THE HEART ATRIOVENTRICULAR VALVES separate the __________from the _________________ – their job is to prevent backflow of blood into the atria • ____________________: the valve that separates the LEFT atrium from the LEFT ventricle – It is also called the BICUSPID valve as it has 2 flaps • _______________________(3 flaps): the valve that separates the RIGHT atrium from the RIGHT ventricle is • SEMILUNAR VALVES are half-moon shaped – They are located at the base of the pulmonary artery (_____________) and the base of the aorta (_________________) – They function to prevent backflow from the major arteries into the ventricles a- rt. atrium, b- left atrium, 1- superior vena cava, 3- ascending aorta f-pulmonary trunk g- left pulmonary artery h- left pulmonary vein K- pulmonary semilunar valve L- tricuspid valve M- bicuspid (mitral) valve BLOOD CIRCULATION • SYSTEMIC: left ventricle aorta arteries arterioles capillaries of the body venules veins right atrium ARTERIES ARTERIOLES CAPILLARIES VENULES VEINS • PULMONARY: right atrium right ventricle pulmonary artery lung arterioles lung capillaries lung venules pulmonary veins left atrium left ventricle BLOOD CIRCULATION • • • ARTERIES – carry ______________________ blood (with exception of the ______________________) AWAY from the heart to the body – walls are THICK VEINS – transport ____________________________blood (with exception of the ___________________) BACK to the heart – thin, elastic walls – have valves to prevent backflow of blood As ARTERIES branch and become smaller, they become ARTERIOLES. – ARTERIOLES then branch and become smaller, into CAPILLARIES. – Capillaries have very thin walls and they distribute oxygen to the tissues while picking up the CO2 from the tissues (unoxygenated) and branch into larger structures called VENULES. – Venules empty into larger structures called VEINS, which return blood to the heart ___________________ _______________ _________________ ______________ _______________ ARTERIES carry OXYGENATED blood (with exception of the Pulmonary Artery) AWAY from the heart to the body; walls are THICK As ARTERIES branch and become smaller, they become ARTERIOLES >ARTERIOLES then branch and become smaller, into CAPILLARIES >Capillaries have very thin walls and they distribute ________ to the tissues while picking up the _____________from the tissues (unoxygenated) and branch into larger structures called VENULES >Venules empty into larger structures called> VEINS, which return blood to the heart ARTERIES ARTERIOLES CAPILLARIES VENULES VEINS VEINS transport DEOXYGENATED blood (with exception of the Pulmonary Vein) BACK to the heart; thin, elastic walls have valves to prevent backflow of blood __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ •http://www.bostonscientific.com/templatedata/imports/HTML/lifebeatonline/winter2007/l earning.shtml#fig1 CONDUCTION SYSTEM of electrical impulses • SINOATRIAL NODE is the pacemaker of the heart and where the heartbeat originates and the rate is regulated – located in the _________________________________ – The impulses make the atria _________________________________ • ATRIOVENTRICULAR NODE is in the _____________near the lower portion of the interatrial septum – the electrical impulse from the SA node affects the AV node, which then transmits the impulse to the • ATRIOVENTRICULAR BUNDLE (BUNDLE OF HIS) – this is located in the ___________________________________ – the ventricles now _______________ as the impulse is carried – throughout the ventricles via the ____________________________ • http://video.about.com/heartdisease/Conductio n-System.htm NERVE FUNCTION ON HEART • PNS – Via SA and AV node – _________ HR – ______________ impulse conduction – ________________ coronary arteries • SN – – – – Via cardiac nerves SA and AV node INCREASES HR INCREASES impulse conduction – DILATES coronary arteries CARDIAC CYCLE • • • • • • The atria contract in ___________ and the ventricles contract in _______________ The atria and ventricles do not contract at the same time (as one group contracts, the other relaxes) ATRIAL contraction __________________ through the bicuspid and tricuspid valves – While this is occurring, the semilunar valves __________________ – The ventricles _______________ at this time VENTRICULAR contraction sends blood through the semilunar valves into the __________________________________ – While this is occurring, the bicuspid and tricuspid valves _________________ – The atria ____________ at this time and blood enters the atria from the vena cava and pulmonary veins SYSTOLE – ____________________ of the atria and ventricles – blood is being _________________ from the heart DIASTOLE –___________________ of the atria and ventricles -heart is ______________ with blood BLOOD PRESSURE • SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE – produced by the blood pressing against artery walls while the ____________________________ • DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE – produced by the blood pressing against artery walls while the ____________________________ • ________TENSION = elevated blood pressure • _________TENSION = low blood pressure