Transcript Body Systems and Exercise

SPONGE
Body Systems, Day 2
3. Besides helping you move,
what is another purpose of
bone?
4. Name something that is
carried in the bloodstream.
Body Systems and Exercise
Section 2:
The Skeletal
and Circulatory
Systems
The Skeletal System
• The Skeletal System
is made up of bones,
joints and connective
tissue, which
combine to make the
framework of your
body.
• There are 206 bones
in your body.
Bones
• Though bones are hard, they are living tissue
not much different from your skin.
• Bone needs nutrients to survive; it also grows
and heals itself.
Function of Bone
• The bones have four major functions:
– Movement: Muscles can only move if they
are anchored to a bone.
– Protection: Bones protect your brain and
other organs from injury.
– Cell Creation: Bones are where red blood
cells and most white blood cells are made.
– Storage: Bones store minerals and protein.
Types of Bone
• There are three kinds of
bones:
– Long bones: Like the femur of
your leg.
– Short bones: Are smaller and
have soft bone inside (wrist
bone.)
– Flat bones: Have two layers of
hard bone with soft bone
between. These bones protect
organs.
Besides Bone…
• The Skeletal System is also made up of the
following:
– Cartilage: A strong, elastic material at the end
of bones. It cushions and does not break easily.
– Ligaments: Cords of tissue that join bones
and keep organs in place.
1
Cranium
Cranium
Femur
2 Humorous
3 Vertebrae
Fibula
Humorous
4
Radius
5
Ulna
6
Femur
7
Fibula
8
Tibia
Radius
Tibia
Ulna
Vertebrae
Bone Anatomy
Bone and Exercise
• Exercise can either hurt or help your
bones.
– Running and lifting weights actually increase
your bone mass, making bones larger and
stronger.
– Swimming and walking do not actually help
bone health nearly as much, because they
are low-impact exercises.
– Between the age of 15 – 25 is the critical time
for bone building to prevent bone disease
later in life.
The Circulatory System
• The Circulatory
System is the group
of body parts that
carry blood
throughout the body.
The Circulatory System
• There are four main
jobs of the Circulatory
System:
1. Fueling the body. Blood
carries energy and
oxygen to all the body’s
cells.
2. Clearing bodily wastes.
Blood carries waste to
the liver and kidneys to
be removed.
The Circulatory System
3. Fighting disease.
White blood cells
live in the blood.
4. The transportation
of hormones.
From the brain to
the body’s cells.
The Heart
• The heart is split into
left and right sides
– The left side takes fresh
blood from the lungs
and pumps it to the
body.
– The right side takes
used blood from the
body and pumps it back
to the lungs to be
reoxygenated.
The Four Chambers of the Heart
• Blood first enters the
top chambers of the
heart, called Atriums.
• The blood then moves
to the Ventricles,
which pumps blood out
of the heart.
• This is why there are
two “thumps” in a
heartbeat.
The Path of Oxygenated Blood
Record this for the test!
4. Aorta
5. To the body
1. From the Lungs
2. Left Atrium
3. Left Ventricle
The Path of Unoxygenated Blood
From the body
9. To the lungs
6. Vena Cava
7. Right Atrium
8. Right Ventricle
Other Parts
• The left side of the heart is much larger
than the right side, because it needs to
pump blood to the farthest parts of your
body.
• Besides the heart, there are other
important parts of the circulatory system:
– Arteries carry blood away from the heart.
– Veins carry blood to the heart.
– Capillaries are tiny tubes that connect veins
and arteries to tissues
Aorta
Brachial Artery
Brachial Artery
Heart
Femoral Artery
Aorta
Heart
Vena Cava
Vena Cava
Femoral Artery
Exercise and the Circulatory System
• Exercise strengthens the heart muscles.
• When the heart beats stronger, the force
of the blood pumping cleans your arteries.
– When fat sticks to the walls of your arteries it
causes them to harden and clog. This is
called Arteriosclerosis.
• Exercise also decreases your heart rate
and your blood pressure, which decreases
your chances of a heart attack or stroke.