Transcript Figure 8.1 The structures of blood vessels in the human body.

Figure 8.6a The heart.
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Blood Pathway Through the Heart & Lungs
Figure 17.5
Figure 8.7 A view of the heart showing major blood vessels, chambers, and valves.
Aorta
Superior vena cava
Left pulmonary artery
Right pulmonary artery
Pulmonary trunk
Left pulmonary veins
Pulmonary
semilunar valve
Right atrium
Right AV valve
Right ventricle
Inferior vena cava
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Left atrium
Aortic semilunar valve
Left AV valve
Left ventricle
Chordae tendineae
Papillary muscles
Septum
External Heart: Posterior View
Figure 17.4d
•The auricle is a part of each atrium. A small, coneshaped, muscular pouch that projects from each
atrium, located at the receiving end of the atria.
Visually, they look like wrinkled pouch-like structures.
•Auricles help their respective atria hold more blood.
•They are called auricles because they were thought
to resemble dog's ears.
•In older references, “auricle” was used to describe
the entire atrium.
Alternate names for AV valves
Right
Left
Tricuspid
Bicuspid
Mitral
Heart Valves
Figure 17.8a, b
Semilunar Valve Function
Figure 17.10
Atrioventricular Valve Function
Figure 17.9
Figure 8.12 Heart valves.
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Heart Valves
Figure 17.8c, d
Figure 8.10 Blood vessels of the heart.
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 8.18 A coronary angiogram.
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 8.19 Coronary artery bypass grafts.
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
Sequence of Excitation
Figure 17.14a
Heart Physiology: Sequence of Excitation
• Sinoatrial (SA) node in right atrium generates
impulses about 75 times/minute; dominant
autorythmic cells; nervous system may regulate
• Atrioventricular (AV) node delays the impulse
approximately 0.1 second
• Impulse passes from atria to ventricles via the
atrioventricular bundle (AV bundle)
• AV bundle splits into two bundle branches in the
interventricular septum
• Bundle branches carry the impulse toward the
apex of the heart
• Purkinje fibers carry the impulse from the heart
apex to the ventricular walls
Cardiac Cycle
• Cardiac cycle refers to all events
associated with blood flow through the
heart; electrical events, valve activity,
heart sounds, chamber contractions and
changes in blood pressure
– Systole – contraction of heart muscle
– Diastole – relaxation of heart muscle
Heart Sounds
• Heart sounds (lub-dup) are associated
with closing of heart valves
– First sound occurs as AV valves close and
signifies beginning of systole
– Second sound occurs when SL valves close
at the beginning of ventricular diastole
• Heart murmurs-obstruction in the flow of
blood, valve irregularity
Cardiac Conditioning
• Exercise will increase cardiac muscle
mass
• Increased cardiac muscle mass increases
the strength of contraction
• Heart beats less and rests more