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Cardiac Anatomy Cardiac Cardiac Cycle Circulation Physiology Blood 1pt 1 pt 1 pt 1pt 1 pt 2 pt 2 pt 2pt 2pt 2 pt 3 pt 3 pt 3 pt 3 pt 3 pt 4 pt 4 pt 4pt 4 pt 4pt 5pt 5 pt 5 pt 5 pt 5 pt The “point” of the heart, which rests against the diaphragm What is the apex The name for the valves that separate the atria from the ventricles . What are atrioventricular valves (AV valves) The name of the valve that separates the left atrium from the left ventricle What is the mitral valve The thin double layered sac that encloses the heart What is the pericardium The wall of muscle that separates the ventricles. What is the interventricular septum. These cells located in the Sinoatrial node are self excitable and elicit action potentials that drive the heartbeat What are pacemaker cells DOUBLE JEOPARDY The influx of this ion drives the action potential in cardiac contractile cells What is sodium Action potential is terminated when potassium What is moves out of the cell The QRS wave on the EKG represents this. What is the depolarization of the ventricle The sequence of excitation in the heart What is from the SA node to the AV node to the Bundle of His to the right and left bundle branches to the Purkinje fibers The term for the period when the heart is contracting What is systole Heart sounds are caused by What is the closing of valves The heart is at maximum blood volume during this phase What is diastole Cardiac output can be determined by multiplying What is stroke volume and heart rate DOUBLE JEOPARDY Stroke volume can be regulated by What is preload, afterload or contractility Blood flows from areas of high pressure to areas of What is low pressure Blood flow is defined as The amount of blood that flows through a vessel, organ or whole circulation in a given amount of time The difference between systolic pressure and diastolic pressure is known as What is pulse pressure Peripheral resistance can be affected by these 3 things Vessel diameter, vessel length and blood viscosity MAP can be determined by this equation What is CO x TPR Red blood cells are also called What are erythrocytes When blood is centrifuged these can be found in a thin layer between the RBC and the plasma What are WBC and platelets The main function of WBC is What is defense against disease The function of platelet is What is coagulation The red pigment that binds oxygen is called _________ and requires _____ in order to properly carry oxygen. What is hemoglobin, iron