Transcript Hypertension - Learning

Hypertension
Definition: blood pressure
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Blood pressure is the force of blood
pushing through the arteries and is
necessary for maintaining our circulation.
With every heartbeat, the heart pumps
blood through the arteries to all parts of
the body.
systolic blood pressure (SBP)
 diastolic blood pressure (DBP)
 resting blood pressure
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Definition: hypertension
Hypertension’ is a persistently raised blood
pressure above 140/90 mmHg.
 The blood pressure must be high, at least
three consecutive measurements,
measured at the same time of the day, in
the correct way: in sitting, 33cm cuff, arm
position at the level of the heart
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Potential consequences of
Hypertension
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Coronary heart disease (angina, heart attack)
Stroke (thrombosis and hemorrhagic)
Heart failure (heart strain – especially left
ventricular)
Chronic kidney disease (including established
renal failure)
Aortic aneurysm (dilated aorta with risk of
massive internal hemorrhage)
Retinal disease (visual impairment), and
Peripheral vascular disease (clogged blood
supply to the limbs).
Blood Pressure Values
Normal BP: 100/60 mmHg –
140/90mmHg
 Low BP: < 100/60 mmHg
 High BP: >140/90 mmHg
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Types of hypertension
Essential (or primary) hypertension
 Secondary hypertension
 Malignant (accelerated) hypertension
 Gestational hypertension
 ‘White-coat hypertension’
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Risk factors
Unmodifiable risk factors
 Modifiable risk factors
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Unmodifiable risk factors
Age and gender
 Ethnicity
 Family history
 Diabetes (Type 1)
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Modifiable risk factors
Excess dietary salt
Low dietary potassium
 Overweight and obesity
 Physical inactivity
 Excess alcohol
 Smoking
 Cold homes
 Socioeconomic status
 Psychosocial stressors
 Diabetes (type 2)
 Low birth weight
 Being formula-fed as a baby
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COMMUNITY BASED
INTERVENTIONS