Transcript Hypertention

High Blood Pressure
CONTENT
1.INTRODUCTION
2.IMPORTANCE
3.NORMAL VALUE
4.CLASSIFICATION
5.RISK FACTOR
6.SIGN AND SYMPTOM
7.DIAGNOSIS
8.INVESTIGATION
9.COMPLICATIONS
10.MANAGEMENT
11.TREATMENT
12.HOMOEOPATHIC MEDICINES
13.CASE
INTRODUCTION
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Blood pressure is the pressure of blood in your
arteries
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The force that your heart produces in your
arteries when it pumps is called your blood
pressure
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The higher your blood pressure the greater
your risk of developing heart problems, kidney
disease and strokes.
IMPORTANCE OF BLOOD PRESSURE
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High blood pressure is a risk factor for
heart disease, stroke, kidney disease and
dementia.
High blood pressure can also be called
hypertension; both words mean the same
thing.
If your Blood Pressure is consistently
more than 140/90 mmHg. then you
have high blood pressure
NORMAL BLOOD PRESSURE
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For example 130/80 mmHg – “130 over 80”
- The top number, called “systolic pressure”, is pressure
in the arteries after your heart pumped out blood through
them
- The bottom number, “diastolic pressure”, is pressure in
the arteries when the heart relaxes.
Normal blood pressure range is between 110-140 / 70 – 90
mmHg.
BP~120/80mmHg
CLASSIFICATION
-PRIMARY HYPERTENSION
-SECONDRY HYPERTENSION
-MALIGNANT HYPERTENSION
Types of hypertension
If you have hypertension and have no easily identifiable
cause you're considered to have primary essential
hypertension,
while if you have a specific gene or organ directly
responsible for your hypertension then you have a
secondary hypertension.
The most serious type of hypertension is called Malignant
hypertension. This is a particularly severe form of high
blood pressure where the pressure level is at least 210/120
mm Hg. It occurs in only about 1 of 200 people who have
high blood pressure.
RISK FACTORS
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If you have family history of high BP,
stroke, heart attack you are more likely
to have high blood pressure
Diabetes, kidney and heart diseases
are also linked to high BP
Life style – overweight, eating too
much salt, physical inactivity, alcohol
and smoking – also affect your BP
Blood pressure also goes up as we get
older
OTHER RISK FACTORS
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Age
Gender
Family history
Stress
Smoking
Sedentary life style
High Cholesterol (saturated
fat)
You can’t change some of these factors (age, family
history), but it is possible to change other risk factors.
SIGN AND SYMPTOMS
Most people with primary hypertension don't have any obvious symptoms at all,
There are a few of the more common symptoms of hypertension to look out for.
One of the symptoms of hypertension is chronic headaches.
Dizziness or Vertigo
Blurry or double vision.
Drowsiness
Nausea
Shortness of breath.
Heart palpitations
Fatigue - general tiredness
A flushed face
Nosebleeds
A strong need to urinate often (especially during the night)
Tinnitus (a ringing or buzzing in the ears)
If you have any combination of these symptoms, then you should get your blood
pressure checked by a doctor
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Secondary hypertension
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If you have hypertension that is caused by another
medical condition, it is called secondary
hypertension. This can be caused by many of
different illnesses. People with kidney disorders often
have secondary hypertension. This is because the
kidneys regulate the balance of salt and water in the
body. If your kidneys cannot get rid of excess salt
and water from the body, your blood pressure goes
up. Kidney infections, a narrowing of the arteries that
carry blood to the kidneys, and other kidney
disorders can disturb the salt and water balance.
Kidney problems are by no means the only medical
condition that can cause secondary hypertension,
there many other conditions the 'side' effects of
which can cause hypertension.
DIAGNOSIS
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No signs and symptoms at the beginning
High blood pressure sometimes is called “silent killer”
The only way to know is to have your BP measured.
Know “your numbers” (BP, Height, Weight, Sugar, etc).
Know your body mass index (BMI)
BMI Categories:
Underweight = <18.5
Normal weight = 18.5-24.9
Overweight = 25-29.9
Obesity = BMI of 30 or greater
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BP is measured by
using
sphygmomanometers
, aneroid or digital BP
devices
The BP readings
should be repeated
throughout the day /
week.
Blood Sugar
< 140 mg/dl
LDL / HDL
INVESTIGATION
Fasting Blood Sugar check
 Fasting Total Cholesterol check
 Blood Lipids profile
 Kidney function tests (urinalysis, blood
nitrogen, and etc)
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X-RAY CHEST
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URINE
COMPLICATIONS
CARDIAC- HYPERTENSIVE HEART DISEASE
1 MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
2 VENTICULAR ARRHYTHMIA
3 CCF
4 DYSPNOEA
5 PULMONARY CONGESTION
CEREBRAL
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CEREBRAL HAEMORRHAGE
CEREBRAL THROMBOSIS
LACUNAR INFARCTION
HYPERTENSIVE ENCEPHALOPATHY
RETINAL
DIMNESS OF VISION
HAEMORRHAGE AND EXHAUDATES
DETOUCHMENT OF RETINA
RENAL
RENAL ARTERIOSCLEROSIS
UREAMIA
RENAL INFARCT
AORIC DISSECTION
MANAGEMENT
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5.
6.
Know your numbers (get
your BP check regularly)
Eat less salt (no more
than 6g a day)
Eat more fruit and
vegetables (at least 5
portions a day)
Be as active as you can
(aim for 30 minutes five
times a week)
Drink alcohol in
moderation
Keep to a healthy weight
(lose weight if you have
to)
To lower risk of heart attack
and stroke:
1. Give up smoking
2. Eat less fat
3. Deal effectively with your stress
Changing life style
Salt and high Blood Pressure
High salt intake can retain fluids in the body and cause
high BP
- The more salt we eat, the higher our blood pressure
Reduce the amount of salt intake in three common steps:
•Avoid manufactured or processed foods that have salt added
•Do not add salt to your food at the table
•Do not add salt to cooking
Changing life style
Fruits and Vegetables
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Fruit and vegetables are a good natural source of
potassium. This has the opposite effect to sodium/salt
and will help to lower your blood pressure
Fruit and vegetables also contain anti-oxidants, for
example vitamins C and E, which may play an important
role in preventing heart disease
Fruit and vegetables are very low in salt, usually contain
little fat and are a good source of fiber
Vegetables are easy to cook and fruit does not need
preparation
Changing life style
Physical activity – they way to reduce the risk of
heart attacks and stroke by:
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Lowering your blood pressure
Improving your blood cholesterol levels
Losing weight or to maintain a healthy weight
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Helping to control and prevent diabetes
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GENERAL TREATMENT
If the BP is between
140-160/90 mmHg:
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Cut down on your salt
Eat more fruit and
vegetables
Be more active
Find and reach your
ideal weight
Stop smoking
Drink alcohol only in
moderate amounts
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If the BP more than
160/100mmHg:
Consult your
physician
Follow lifestyle
changing advices
You may need to take
medicines to lower
and maintain normal
BP.
HOMOEOPATHIC MEDICINE
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NAT MUR
GELSIMIUM
NAJA TRIPUDIANS
BELLADONNA
RAULFIA SERPENTINA
ACONITE
BARYTA MUR
CREATEGEUS
CAL. ARS.
IODUM
GELSIMIUM
DULLNESS DIZZINESS DROWSINESS AND TREMBLING IS THE KEYNOTE
OF THIS DRUG,
SENSETION AS IF IT WERE NECESSORY TO KEEP IN MOTION OR ELSE,
HEART ACTION WOULD CEASE PULSE SLOW SOFT AND WEAK BUT
ACCELERATED ON MOTION ,
DEPRESSION FROM HEAT OF SUMMER AND
THIRSTLESSNESS, HEADACHE FROM HEAT AND FRIGHT, OCCIPITAL
HEADACHE, DULL HEAVY HEADACHE,
BRUISED SENSETION IN HEAD AND DIMNESS OF VISION.
NAT MUR
FLUTTRING SENSATION OF THE HEART, WEAK FAINT FEELING
HEART PULSATION SHAKES THE WHOLE BODY
MAPPED TONGUE WITH RED INSULER PATCHES LIKE RING WORM
INTENCE CRAVING FOR SALT BITTER THINGS FISH MILK
AVERSION TO BREAD COFFEE AND RICH THINGS
HEADACHE DUE TO SUN, EYE STRAINS AND TAKING TO MUCH SALT
AND LOSS OF VITAL FLUID, SENSATION AS IF LITTILE HAMMERS ARE
KNOCKING ON BRAIN, HEADACHE WITH BLINDNESS AND DIMNESS OF
VISION
TACHYCARDIA INTERMITS ON LYING DOWN
BELLADONNA
CONGESTION ON ALL OVER BODY, HOT RED AND FLUSHED FACE,
RESTLESS SLEEP DRYNESS OF MOUTH BUT AVERSION OF WATER
HEAT REDNESS THROBBING AND BURNING
VERTIGO WITH FALLING OF LEFT SIDE OR BACKWARD
CONGESTION IN HEAD SUDDENLY AGGRAVATION FROM LIGHT, NOISE,
JAR, VIOLENT PALPITATION, LABOURED BREATHING, HEART SEEMED
TOO LARGE RAPID, BUT WEAK PULSE.
CALCARIA ARS
THE SLIGHTEST EMOTION CAUSES PALPITATION OF HEART
CONSTRICTION AND PAIN IN HEART REGION SUFFOCATIVE FEELING
OPERATION AND THROBBING RUSH OF BLOOD TO HEAD AND LEFT
CHEST
EPILEPSI WITH VALVULAR DISEASE OF THE HEART,
HEART BEAT IS MISSING EVERY FOURTH BEAT
CRAVING FOR ALCOHOL
PAIN IN HEAD BETTER BY LYING ON PAINFUL SIDE.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
WILLIUM BORIEK MATERIA MEDICA
 www.hypertension.com
 ALLENS KEY NOTE
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A SELECT HOMOEOPATHIC MATERIA MEDICA
GOLWALLA TEXT BOOK OF MEDICINE
 P.C.DAS TEXT BOOK OF MEDICINE
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