Transcript Healthy Bodies - World of Teaching

Healthy Bodies Unit One.
 By
 1.
 2.
 3.
 4.
the end of this unit you should ;Know where your lungs and windpipe are.
Know that in the lungs,oxygen from the air
enters the blood.
Know that in the lungs,carbon dioxide leaves
the blood and gets breathed out.
Be able to name the harmful substances in
tobacco smoke.
Healthy Bodies Unit One.
 5.
Be able to measure the amount of tar in
cigarette smoke.
 6. Know something about the diseases
connected with smoking.
 7. Know some of the other substances which can
pollute our lungs.
 8. Be able to state what the diaphragm and
the ribs do.
The Lungs.
The Ribcage.
How we breathe 1.
 1.
 2.
 3.
 4.
 5.
The lungs are protected by the ribcage.
Air enters our lungs via the trachea or wind
pipe.
When the air enters our lungs,the muscle
called the diaphragm goes downwards.
When we breathe out the diaphragm moves up
and air is expelled from the lungs.
The lungs are located in the chest.
How we breathe 2.
 6.
The lungs are red in colour.
 7. This is because they contain oxygen.
 8. They feel spongy when touched.
 9. They float in water because of the air in
them.
 10. They can be polluted by dirty air.
How we breathe 3.
 11. When
we breathe in ,air passes to the tubes
leading to the air sacs.
 12. These are next to blood vessels called
capillaries.
 13. Red blood cells pick up oxygen from the
sacs when we breathe in.
 14. They release carbon dioxide back to the
sacs when we breathe out.
How we breathe 4.
 1.
Your windpipe and other air passages are lined
with a sticky substance.
 2. This is called MUCUS.
 3. This traps dirt and germs.
 4. Tiny hairs sweep the dirty mucus up
your throat where it is swallowed.
A test for carbon dioxide.
1. If we blow breathed air into lime water,the lime water
turns milky.
 2. This is because breathed air contains carbon dioxide.
 3. Unbreathed air will not affect the lime water.
 4. Breathed air contains more carbon dioxide than
unbreathed air.
 5. Lime water can be used as a test for carbon dioxide.

Another test for carbon dioxide.
 Bicarbonate
indicator can be used as another test
for carbon dioxide.
 The presence of carbon dioxide will turn the
indicator from dark red to orange .
The dangers in smoking.
The three poisons in cigarette smoke
 1.
Nicotine : - affects the brain, is addictive.
 2. Carbon monoxide : - poisonous gas stops
blood carrying oxygen ,can be fatal.
 3. Tar : - made of many chemicals, clogs up
lungs, causes cancer.
Air Pollution
This is a view of the
air above a street in
Mexico City.
 2. This called smog and
is caused by exhaust
fumes from cars.

1
Effects of air pollution on the body.
 1.
Car exhaust fumes contain harmful
substances from burnt petrol.
 (a) lead particles which can cause brain damage in
developing children.
 (b) carbon monoxide reduces the ability of
the blood to carry oxygen.
 (c )smoke clogs up air sacs.
Water pollution

1. When sulphur dioxide
is combined with water ,
the result can be in the
form of acid rain.
Effects of acid rain.
 1.
Can damage the linings of the lung.
Effects of solvent abuse.
 1.
Can lead to people causing or being
involved in accidents.
 2. Long term effects include death by choking ,
liver failure and damage to the heart and brain.
Effects of passive smoking.
 1.
Essentially the same effects as smoking
itself,the only difference is that the person
subjected to the effects does not smoke.
Unit 2 Heart and Blood.
 By
 1.
 2.
 3.
 4.
 5.
the end of this unit you should :Know where the heart is in the body.
Know that it acts like a muscular pump.
Know that blood carries food,heat and oxygen
round the body.
Know that blood flows through vessels.
Know that pulse rate tells how fast your
heart beats.
Heart and Blood.
 6.
Know that recovery time is a measure of
fitness.
 7. Know that blood helps the body fight germs
and disease.
 8. Heart disease can be caused by
worry,smoking and diet
 9. Know that we can be protected from disease by
immunisation.
Heart and Blood.
 You
may also know that : 1. There are three types of blood vessel,namely
veins,arteries and capillaries.
 2. Exercise affects your pulse rate.
 3. Blood consists of plasma,red cells,white
cells and platelets.
The Heart.
1. The right side of the
heart takes blood from
the body and pumps it
to the lungs.
 2. The left side of the
heart takes blood from
the lungs and pumps it
to all parts of the
body.

Arteries veins and capillaries.
Blood Vessels.
 1.
An artery is a vessel which carries blood
away from the heart.
 2. It has a thick muscular wall.
 3. The blood travelling in the artery is under great
pressure.
 4. The high pressure is caused by the heart
beat.
Capillaries and Veins.
1. The arteries divide into smaller vessels called
capillaries.
 2. The capillaries join up to form larger vessels
which in turn form veins.
 3. The veins carry blood back to the heart.
 4. The veins are under less pressure than the arteries.
 5. Veins have no pulse and are found nearer the
surface than arteries.

Valves.
1. The pressure has
dropped by the time it
reaches the veins.
 2. To prevent blood from
flowing backwards,the
veins have valves.
 3. Valves are like doors
which only open one
way.

Blood Composition.
 Blood
 1.
 2.
 3.
 4.
is made up from
Red blood cells.
White blood cells.
Platelets.
A white liquid called
plasma.
Red blood cells.
These cells are the
carriers of oxygen
round the body.
 The chemical called
haemoglobin makes
the blood red.

White blood cells.
 1.
These cells are responsible for building up
immunity to disease.
 2. They build up antibodies which fight against
various infections we get.
 Platelets.

The platelets are the cells which cause clotting at the sight of an
injury,thus helping healing of wounds.
Plasma
 This
is the liquid part of the blood.
 It is responsible for the transporting of the various
things in the blood.
Body Temperature.
 By
 1.
 2.
 3.
 4.
the end of this unit you should :Know what normal body temperature is.
Know that body temperature is higher than the
surroundings.
Know that if your body temperature is not
normal you are ill.
Know that sweating decreases body
temperature.

Body Temperature.
 5.
Shivering increases body temperature.
 6.
Food supplies the body with energy to
temperature.
 7.
Clothes stop heat loss and maintain body
 8.
Loss in temperature causes hypothermia.
maintain
temperature.
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Healthy Bodies – The Lungs and
Breathing.