Transcript hiv and nutrition - Positive Education, Inc.

NUTRITION
&
EXERCISE
Joseph Lennox-Smith, M.Ed.
Positive Education, Inc.
Why is Good Nutrition Important?

Macronutrients
◦ Calories (energy): proteins, carbohydrates, and
fats
◦ Maintain weight

Micronutrients
◦ vitamins and minerals
◦ Maintain cells and prevent weight loss
Why is Good Nutrition Important
for those with HIV?
With infection the body uses more
energy
 When we feel sick we loose our apatite
 Sore throat, mouth, teeth, GI problems &
diarrhea, side effects, opportunistic
infections can make you eat less or make
you body use less of what you eat

Why is Nutrition Important?
Loose too much fat
 Loose too much lean body mass


Wasting syndrome or cachexia can be
fatal

This is not an issue for all patients
◦ Those with compromised immune systems
are most vulnerable

Lipodystrophy
◦ Buildup of fat on neck
◦ Buildup of fat under
stomach mussels

Lipoatrophy
◦ Loss of mussel and fat on
extremities and face
Good Nutrition

A balanced diet that includes all food
groups
The Basics - Protein

Eat plenty of protein and starches, with
moderate amounts of fat
◦ Individualized

Protein - build and maintain muscles.
◦ Lean meats, fish, beans, nuts, and seeds are all
good sources of protein
Carbohydrates - energy – Not all
carbohydrates are created equal

Complex carbohydrates – long chain
sugars (good)
◦ “Time release” energy - fiber and nutrients.
◦ Enables the body to burn sugar and fat –
keeps insulin levels down
◦ Whole grain – Brown rice, oats, buckwheat,
millet, quinoa, amaranth, barley, bulgur, and rye
◦ Pulpy vegetables – squash, carrots, parsnips,
rutabaga,
◦ Also onions and legumes – like beans and
peas
Carbohydrates

Simple carbohydrates (not so good)
– short chain sugars are absorbed quickly
◦ Sugars - quick energy
◦ Usually processed foods like white bread,
bagels, crackers and pretzels, pasta, pastries,
puffed cereals, granola bars, cheese, ice cream,
yogurt, and fruit juice
◦ Fresh or dried fruit, honey, jam, or syrups.
◦ Caveat – diabetes - hypoglycemia
The Basics

Fat – energy
◦ some — but not too much
◦ “monounsaturated” fats in nuts, seeds, canola
and olive oils, and fish are considered “good”
fats.
◦ “saturated” fats in butter and animal products
are “bad” fats.
Fats

Essential fatty acids (Omega 3 & 6’s) are
“vital to cell membranes, and the health of
the cardiovascular, immune, reproductive
and central nervous systems.”
◦ labeled unrefined oils

Deplete HDL
Omega 3 - Polyunsaturated
Vegetables – flaxseed oil, hazelnut oil,
perilla oil, hemp, pumpkin seeds, soybeans,
walnuts, wheat germ, wheat sprouts, fresh
seal vegetables, leafy greens, and purslane.
 Animal – Fortified eggs, oils from salmon,
mackerel, herring, cod, sardines, tuna,
flounder, anchovies and cold water fish
like trout

Omega 6 - Polyunsaturated
Vegetable – safflower, sunflower, corn, soy,
sesame, hemp, raw nuts and seads,
legumes, spirulina, and leafy greens
 Animal – mother’s milk, organ meat, and
lean meats
 Oils – evening primrose oil, black current
oil, and borage oil

Monounsaturates
Don’t cause cholesterol accumulation,
raises HDL, lowers LDL
 Vegetable, legume, and seed sources
include: Olive, grape seed, macadamia,
avocado, almond, apricot kernel, peanut,
high-oleic safflower and sunflower oils,
and rice bran oil

Saturated Fats – Not so good
Blocks the metabolism of essential fatty
acids (EFA’s) into healthy hormones
 Elevates cholesterol
 Avoid commercially processed\fast foods
 Stick with lean meats and non-fat dairy
products
 Avoid tropical oils – coconut oil, cocoa
butter, peanut oil, palm oil, palm-kernel oil

Trans-fatty Acids - BAD
Hydrogenated and partially hydrogenated
fats linked to heart disease, cancer,
obesity, diabetes, and immune system
problems
 Synthetic fats
 Increases total serum cholesterol and
blood insulin.

Things to Remember
Cook at home
 Use unprocessed foods
 Read the labels
 It is all about portions my darling
 Hydration
 Exercise
 Nutritional supplements
 Food safety

Read the Labels
Olive Oil
Mac & Cheese
Read the Labels
Pork & Beans
Peanut Butter
Frozen Salmon Patties
Read the Labels
FOR MORE INFORMATION
You can get more information on nutrition
and HIV from the following:
 A Clinician's Guide To Nutrition In HIV
and AIDS, by Cade Fields-Gardner and
others, published by the American
Dietetic Association, $26 plus $5 shipping
and handling: The American Dietetic
Association, P.O. Box 97215, Chicago IL
60678-7215; or 800-877-1600, ext. 5000.
FOR MORE INFORMATION
Eat Up! Nutrition Advice and Food Ideas
for People Living with HIV and AIDS by
Charlie Smigelski, RD, $10.00,
http://www.eatupbooks.com/hivbooks.ht
ml
 Nutrition and HIV: A New Model for
Treatment by Mary Romeyn, MD, $18.95,
published by Jossey-Bass, Inc, telephone
415-433-1740.

FOR MORE INFORMATION
Fact sheets on HIV nutrition are available
at http://www.larklands.net
 The Complete Book of Core Training by Kurt,
Brett & Mike Brungardt – $21.95

References:
AIDSinfonet.org (2009) Fact sheet 800,
nutrition. Retrieved 07/20/09 from
http://www.aidsinfonet.org/fact_sheets/vie
w/800?lang=eng#WHY_IS_NUTRITION
_IMPORTANT__
 Brungardt, K., Brungardt, B., Brungardt, M.,
(2006), The complete book of core training.
New York, N.Y., Hyperion

Exercise – Grab your balls!
Stretch
Stretch
Abs
Balls
More Balls
Things to Remember
Patience
 Persistence
 Breath
 Form
 If it hurts rather than burns – don’t do it
 Start slow and work your way into it

Exercise – Good Luck!
[email protected]
Toll Free – 877-966-1558