Transcript Calculating_Tasks_5-8

Electronic Filing
and Calculating
Learning Objectives
 Multiplication
 Division
 Combining
Operations
 Fractions, Decimals, Percents
Multiplication

Multiplication
is repeated
addition.
Multiplicand (first number)
is added to itself as many
times as there are units in
the multiplier (number of
times multiplicand is
multiplied).
 The results or answer is
the product.

Multiplication of
Whole Numbers
Clear the calculator (CE).
Set decimal selector to 0.
Key 146 and strike the [x] key.
Key 48 and tap the [+/=] key.
Did you get 7,008?
Complete problems 2 through 4.
Complete 5 through 10 on own.
Rounding Function
A business will often round an
answer rather than carry it
out to the maximum number
of decimal places.
Unrounded Products
Set Decimal Selector on floating to
calculate problems 11-20.
 Answer will be carried out to the total
number of decimal places in the
multiplicand and multiplier.

–
–
–
–
–
Clear the calculator (CE).
Select Floating Decimal (F) key.
Key 5.43 and strike the [x] key.
Key .73 and tap the [+/=] key.
Did you get 3.9639?
 Complete problems 12 through 14.
5/4 Round Position
 Rounds
answers to the place
value set on the Decimal
Selector. If first number to right
of set number of decimal places
is five or more, one is added; if
less than five, that number is
dropped.
Practice 5/4 Rounding

Many business calculations require at
least two decimal places.
– Clear the calculator (CE).
– Set Decimal Selector on 2.
– Set Rounding Selector on 5/4 to calculate
problems 21-30.
– Key 54.62 and strike the [x] key.
– Key .13 and tap the [+/=] key.
– Did you get 7.10?
Complete problems 22 through 24.
 Complete 25-30 on own.

Round Up
 Answers
are rounded up at the
number of decimal places set on
the Decimal Selector.
Practice Rounding Up

If a dollar amount has more than two
decimal places, many businesses will round
up (all answers regardless of place value
are rounded up).
– Clear the calculator (CE).
– Set Decimal Selector on 2.
– Set Rounding Selector on [↑] round up key to
calculate problems 31-40.
– Key 26.23 and strike the [x] key.
– Key .46 and tap the [+/=] key.
– Did you get 12.07?
Complete problems 32 through 34.
 Complete 35 through 40 on own.

Round Down
 Answers
are cut off at the
number of decimal places set
on the Decimal Selector.
Round Down

If no rounding is necessary, cut off the
decimal places.
– Clear the calculator (CE).
– Set Decimal Selector on 2.
– Set Rounding Selector on [↓] round down key
to calculate problems 41-48.
– Key 616.47 and strike the [x] key.
– Key.25 and tap the [+/=] key.
– Did you get 154.11?
Complete problems 42 through 44.
 Complete 45 through 48 on own.

Constant Multiplication
A constant is a number that is
repeated in a series of
multiplication problems. The
first number entered is the
constant.
Practice Constant
 Calculate
the problem:
– Clear the calculator (CE).
– Set Decimal Selector on 0.
– Activate the [K] constant function.
– Key 75 [x] 165 [+/=]. Did you get 12,375?
– Key 264 [+/=]. Did you get 19,800?
– Key 328 [+/=]. Did you get 24,600?
– Key 789 [+/=]. Did you get 59,175?
 Complete
problems 50 and 51.
 Complete 52 through 54 on own.
Multifactor Multiplication
Multifactor multiplication is
multiplying three or more
factors (entries) in one
problem.
Practice Multifactor Multiplication

Solve the problem:
– Clear the calculator (CE).
– Set Decimal Selector on 2.
– Set Rounding Selector on 5/4 to calculate
problems 55-68.
– Key 312 and strike the [x] key.
– Key 70 and strike the [x] key.
– Key 9 and tap the [+/=] key.
– Did you get 196,560.00?
Complete problems 56 through 58.
 Complete 59 through 68 on own.

Accumulation of Products
Many business calculations
require accumulating the
products of two or more
multiplication problems to
obtain a grand total.
Practice Accumulation of
Products
 Calculate
the following:
– Clear the calculator (CE).
– Set Decimal Selector on 2.
– Set Rounding Selector on 5/4 to calculate
problems 69 through 78.
– Set [GT] function.
Con’t next slide.
Practice Accumulation of
Products (con’t)
 Key
2.56 [x] 68 [+/=].
 Key 9.41 [x] .25 [+/=].
 Key 3.02 [x] 84 [+/=].
 Strike the [GT] key.
 Did you get 430.11?
 Complete problems 70 through 72
in class.
 Complete 73 through 78 on own.
Calculating Gross
Profit
The difference between revenue
and the cost of making a product or
providing a service, before
deducting overheads, payroll,
taxation, and interest payments.
Calculating Gross Profit (con’t)
 Read
Task Application on p. 30
 Formula for solving problems 79-83.
– Figure company charge ($125/hr. times
# of hrs.)
– Figure programmer charge (wages per
hr. times # of hrs.)
– Figure profit
 Company
charge [M+]
 Programmer cost [M-]
 Profit [*M]
Practice Calculating Gross Profit



Clear the calculator (CE).
Set decimal on 2
Set constant (K) function
– Use the number of hrs. (110) as a constant and
multiply by hrly. Rate ($125) to calculate total
charge. Add total charge to memory [M+]
(110 x 125 M+) Answer = $13,750.00
– Enter wages per hr. ($45) and strike the (M-)
key to calculate the total cost ($4950.00).
– Strike the Memory Total Key (M*) to obtain gross
profit ($8,800.00).


Complete problems 79 and 80 in class.
Complete 81 through 83 on own.
Division of Whole
Numbers and Fractions
Division
Division is the process of separating a
number into parts. It is repeated
subtraction.
 The dividend (number to be divided) is separated
into parts by the divisor (number repeatedly

subtracted from the dividend).
The result is the quotient (answer).
 When the divisor cannot be subtract an
even number of times, the quotient will
have a remainder (number left) expressed as
a decimal fraction.

Practice Division Round Up
 Division
key is [÷].
– Set Decimal Selector on 3.
– Clear the calculator (CE).
– Set Rounding Selector on [↑] round up
key to calculate problems 31-40.
– Key 6,483 and strike the [÷] key.
– Key 89 and tap the [+/=] key.
– Did you get 72.843?
 Complete
problems 2 through 4.
 Complete 5 through 10 on own.
Practice Division 5/4 Position
 Solve
the following:
 Clear the calculator (CE).
 Set Decimal Selector on 2.
 Set Rounding Selector on 5/4.
– Key 5483 and strike the [÷] key.
– Key .89 and tap the [+/=] key.
– Did you get 61.61?
 Complete
problems 12 through 14.
 Complete 15 through 20 on own.
Practice Constant Division
Tap the dividend number, then [÷], then
the constant divisor number, and then [=].
Do not clear answer but enter the next
dividend and [+/=]. The constant number
is the second number you enter.
 Clear the calculator (CE).
 Set Decimal Selector on 2 and Rounding
Selector on 5/4.
 Activate [K] constant function.

Con’t next slide
Practice Constant Division (con’t)
– Key
– Key
– Key
– Key
– Key
279 and strike the [÷] key.
12 and tap the [+/=] key.
831 and tap the [+/=] key.
249 and tap the [+/=] key.
406 and tap the [+/=] key.
 Complete
22 in class. Clear
calculator before going to next
problem.
 Complete 23 and 24 on own.
Accumulation of
Quotients
The quotients of two or more
division problems may be
accumulated automatically on
the calculator.
Accumulation of Quotients
 Clear
the calculator (CE).
 Set the Decimal Selector on 2
 Set Rounding Selector on 5/4
 Set selector to GT (accumulation)
– Key 856 [÷] 260 [+/=]
– Key 3,832 [÷] 5.21 [+/=]
– Key 321 [÷] 76 [+/=]
– Strike [GT] key
– Did you get 743.02?
 Complete
problems 26 through 28.
 Complete 29 and 30 on own.
Calculating a Simple
Average
An average (a single number that
represents a group of numbers) is
found by adding the numbers and
dividing the sum by the number
of addends in the group.
Practice Calculating Simple
Average
 Clear
the calculator (CE).
 Set Decimal Selector on 2
 Set Rounding Selector on 5/4
– Add all numbers—412 [+] 451 [+]
503 [+] 662 [+] 485 [+]
– Key the [÷] key
– Key 5 and tap the [+/=] key
– Did you get 502.60?
 Complete
problems 32 and 33.
 Complete 34 and 35 on own.
Combining Operations
Combining Operations
 Solving
business problems often
requires more than one
mathematical operation.
 When parentheses are in a problem,
the process inside the parentheses
should be calculated first.
 When there are no parentheses, or
more than one set of parentheses,
calculate from left to right.
Problems 1-32
 Do
the first three problems in each
section.
 Be sure and read the directions on
page 36 before trying the problems.
 Make sure you understand each
group before advancing on to the
next section.
 Remember to clear the calculator
before attempting the next problem.
Problems 33-40
 Clear
calculator.
 Set Decimal Selector on Floating.
 Calculate product of first operation.
 Strike [M+] key.
 Calculate product of second
operation.
 Strike [M-] key.
 Strike [*M] key.
Problems 41-48
Do not do.
Problems 49-64
Read directions on page
40 and complete problems
49 through 51 and
57 through 59 in class.
Fractions, Decimals,
Percents
Understanding Fractions
A fraction results when a whole number is
divided into parts.
 The numerator (number of parts) is written
above the line.
 The denominator (number of equal parts
into which the whole is divided) is written
below the line.
 To reduce a fraction to lower terms, divide
the numerator and denominator by a
number that will exactly divide into both
numbers.

What does that mean?
If a case is eight cans,
eight represents the
whole case and is the
denominator.
 If three cans are sold,
that means there are five
left. Five is a part of the
case and is the
numerator. So there is
5/8 of a case left.

Improper Fractions
 When
the parts are greater than the
whole, the numerator is greater than
the denominator.
 Using eight cans in a case, 11/8
represents one whole case plus three
additional cans.
 It can be expressed as a mixed
number by indicating the number of
whole parts and the fraction of the
whole (1 3/8).
Expressing a Fraction as a Decimal
Fractions may be converted into a decimal
fraction when using division with a
calculator.
 Think of a fraction as a division problem
with the line that separates the numerator
from the denominator as a division sign.
 3/8 can be written as 3 [÷] 8 or .375
 With a mixed number, the fraction and
whole number are separated by decimal
point (14 2/3 is 14.667.) (2 [÷] 3 = .667)

Converting Fractions to
Decimal Equivalents
 For
problems 1-10
– Clear calculator (CE)
– Set Decimal Selector on 6 (since there’s no 4)
– Set Rounding Selector on 5/4
– Divide to calculate the decimal
equivalent of the fractions for problems
1 through 10 in class.
– Carry all answers to four decimal places.
Drop any ending zeros when recording
answers.
Using the Aliquot Parts Chart
In business calculations, frequently used
fractions are thirds, fourths, fifths, sixths,
and eighths. These fractions can be
divided into the whole number 100 w/o a
remainder.
 For problems 11-20, use the aliquot chart
to enter the fraction as a decimal and
calculate the answer.
 For fractions not on chart, convert to
decimal and round to four decimal places.

Mentally Reduce Fractions
to Lowest Terms
 Many
of the aliquot parts represent
the same decimal fractions.
– ½, 2/4, 3/6, and 4/8 all equal half of
the whole
– 1/3 and 2/6 represent a third of the
whole
– ¼ and 2/8 represent a fourth of the
whole
– 2/3 and 4/6 represent two-thirds of the
whole
Expressing Fraction or
Decimal as Percent
 Percent
means by hundredth
– Per means by
– Cent means hundredth
A
percent expresses a relationship
between two numbers and is used in
business calculations to show
comparison of figures.
 Percents are another way of writing
decimals and fractions.
What does this mean?
 When
there are eight cans in a case,
the eight cans represent 100 percent
of the case.
– If three cans are sold, they are 3/8
(fraction) or .375 (decimal) of the case.
– To convert a decimal to a percent,
multiply by 100 (.375 x 100 = 37.5%.)
(This conversion can be done mentally by
moving the decimal point to the right and
adding the percent sign.)
To convert percent to decimal, percent is divided by 100 or move
decimal point two places to the left and drop percent sign.
Convert Decimals to
Percents
Mentally convert the
decimals to percents in
problems 25-34
Percents to Decimals
• To convert percent to decimal,
percent is divided by 100 or move
decimal point two places to the left
and drop percent sign.
– For 37.5% (37.5 [÷] 100 =.375)
Convert Percents to
Decimals
Mentally convert percents
to decimals in problems
35-44
Completing a Table of Equivalents

When completing problems 45-49 and
problems 50-59, round the answers to
four decimal places. Drop any ending
zeros when recording your answers.
– Clear the calculator (CE).
– Set Decimal Selector on 6 and round to four
decimal places.
– Rounding Selector to round down on 50-59
– On 50-59, change each fraction to a decimal to
calculate the answer