Transcript They Said It So Much Better. Shouldn't I Use Their Words?

Plagiarism, Copyright
and Fair Use
How To Be Legal and Ethical in a
Digital World!
What About Copyright?
You may be aware that US Copyright law protects works
for a certain period of time (let's say 100 years for the
sake of argument). After this, the works are in the
public domain. This means that anyone can publish
them without paying royalties but they still have to
acknowledge the source. And whether you are using
Plato, Josephus, Machiavelli, Michelangelo, Emerson,
Chesterton, T.S. Eliot or e.e. cummings, you must cite
your sources. If you cite a long passage in your paper,
and the work is still under copyright, you will need to
get the permission of the copyright holder to do it.
What is ‘fair use’ and how
does it apply to me?
Fair use is an exception to copyright in
certain situations. To decide on fair use
you have to look at:



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Is the purpose nonprofit such as education?
Could you have used an alternative?
How much of the work did you use?
Are you costing the creator money?
CONFU : The Conference on Fair Use
http://www.utsystem.edu/OGC/IntellectualProperty/confu.htm
Motion Media
 Up to 10% or 3 minutes, whichever is less,
Text Material
 Up to 10% or 1000 words, whichever is less,
 An entire poem of less than 250 words may be used, but no more than
three poems by one poet, or five poems by different poets from any
anthology
 For poems of greater length, 250 words may be used but no more than
three excerpts by a poet, or five excerpts by different poets from a single
anthology may be used.
Music, Lyrics, and Music Video
 Up to 10%, but in no event more than 30 seconds, of the music and lyrics
from an individual musical work
Illustrations and Photographs
 a photograph or illustration may be used in its entirety but no more than 5
images by an artist or photographer
 photographs and illustrations from a published collective work, not more
than 10% or 15 images, whichever is less,
Things to Think About...
 How many of you have posted pictures you found on
Google images (or another image search engine) on a
social networking or messaging page
 How many of you have posted music on your personal
pages?
 Is this a violation of copyright?
 Have any of you been contacted and asked to remove
copyrighted material from your page?
ALWAYS REMEMBER! COPYRIGHT IS
AUTOMATIC, EVEN IF IT ISN’T STATED!
Remember!
 Fair use only applies to projects for school and
not for your personal use of media!
 Fair use only covers school projects that stay
in school. As soon as they are publicly
displayed you must adhere to copyright!
 Even if you are covered by fair use you should
credit every source of information, pictures,
video, music and sound in your work!
PLAGIARISM AND HOW TO AVOID IT
Plagiarize \'pla-je-,riz also j - -\ vb -rized; riz·ing vt [plagiary] : to steal and pass off (the
ideas or words of another) as one's own : use
(a created production) without crediting the
source vi: to commit literary theft: present as
new and original an idea or product derived
from an existing source - pla·gia·riz·er n
FROM: Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary
9th ed, (Springfield, Ma: Merriam 1981, p.
870).
EXAMPLE I
word-for-word plagiarism
When material is taken directly from a
book, article, speech, statement, remarks,
the Internet, or some other source, the
writer must provide proper attribution.
I thought I can use
someone's words if I
reference or cite the source.
You can.
Direct quotes from other sources are
acceptable in your work however you
must give credit to the source both in the
work and in the bibliography at the end of
the work. This is called a citation.
How Do I Cite A Quote?
If you are using a word-for-word, literal
quotation, you have to put the passage
you are quoting in quotation marks and
you must put the source in parentheses
following the quote.
If it is a long passage--more than three lines
of text in your paper--you should start a
new line and indent, putting the citation at
the end of the paragraph.
These two ways are the only acceptable
methods for indicating quoted material
What about pictures, cound
clips, movie or video clips?
 All other forms of media used must be
cited at the point of use.
(www.pictures.com/flowers)
EXAMPLE II
the paraphrase
Even if the author’s exact language is not
used, a citation is required for material that
is paraphrased.
What Is a Paraphrase,
Anyway?
Paraphrase is stating someone else's
ideas in your own words. Yes, you do
have to cite sources, even for
paraphrase. When you are writing the
paper, think about the reader. If you can
imagine the reader saying: "what was the
source of that idea?" then you should cite
it, even if you rewrote it in your own
words.
EXAMPLE III
the mosaic
Even though your paper includes some
original material, selected phrases of the
original sources are woven throughout the
passage – a little bit from here, a little bit
from there .
EXAMPLE IV
the “apt phrase”
Your writing is almost entirely original, but
a phrase is taken directly from the source.
Even though you use only a short phrase
or several phrases, they must have
quotation marks around them and be
cited if they are taken directly from the
source.
Only phrases that have truly become part
of general usage can be used without
citation.
What You Should Do To Avoid
Plagiarism continued
You should
 only add quotes when they are necessary to
acknowledge others' thoughts and to present
evidence that helps your argument
 write your papers from scratch, starting with a
blank screen. Don't cut and paste from various
documents.
 make sure each passage is properly cited if
you do cut and paste a little.
 do the citation work at the time of writing
instead of leaving it for the end.
What you should do to
avoid plagiarism:
You should:
 print before you start writing and use the
printout like you would a book. At least then
cutting and pasting is not so convenient.
 really think about what you are reading.
 outline your paper to reflects the conclusions
you are drawing.
 write in your own words and never cut and
paste unless you will be citing it.
.
Be realistic about what you are doing. If
you are doing a lot of cutting and pasting,
chances are you are not writing a very
good paper.
I Really Didn't Do It!
You can prove you
didn’t plagiarize if:

you can show your drafts, the notes you took, and
any other materials you used in writing the paper.

you can talk convincingly about the material in the
paper, including things you decided to leave out, why
you made the argument the way you did, how the
writings you cited fit into the paper, where you found
those writings, etc.
So keep your notes and learn the material
well.