Transcript Metric Notation, Electrical Prefixes, and Powers of 10

Metric Notation, Electrical
Prefixes, and Powers
of 10
Overview
●
Powers of 10
● Metric Notation & Electrical Prefixes
● Math Operations
Overview
● You will study numerous electrical
measurements in electronics.
These measurements often involve
very large and very small numbers.
You will often have to add, subtract ,
multiply and divide these numbers.
It takes quite a bit of time to perform
these calculations. For this reason,
powers of ten and metric notation
are used to simplify calculations.
Powers of Ten
Exponent
Number that shows how
many times the base
number is used as a
multiplier
4 X 10
Coefficient
A number multiplied
by the power of ten
3
Base Number
Always 10 in the
decimal number system
Powers of Ten
● Moving the decimal affects the value of the exponent.
●Decimal moves right—exponent increases
●Decimal moves left—exponent decreases
3
4 X 10 = 4000.
123
Powers of Ten
● Moving the decimal affects the value of the exponent.
●Decimal moves right—exponent increases
●Decimal moves left—exponent decreases
-3
4 X 10 = 0.004
321
Metric Notation / Electrical
Prefixes
●
A metric prefix is a group of letters with a specific
meaning attached to the beginning of units of measure
such as mile, foot, meter, or liter.
■ The table below lists powers of ten, metric prefixes and symbols
commonly used in electronics.
Math Operations
●
●
●
●
Addition
Subtraction
Multiplication
Division
Addition and Subtraction
●
Rule-The exponent values must be the same
before adding or subtracting.
Example
6
10
4X
6
+ 4 X 10
6
10
4X
6
- 2 X 10
Addition and Subtraction
●
Rule-The exponent values must be the same
before adding or subtracting.
Example
6
10
4X
6
+ 4 X 10
6
8 X 10
6
10
4X
6
-2 X 10
6
2 X 10
Multiplication
●
Rule- Add the exponent values; then multiply
the numeric coefficients.
Example
3
10
4X
6
X 4 X 10
9
16 X 10
Division
●
Rule- Subtract the exponent values and divide
the numeric coefficients.
Example
6
10
4X
3
÷ 2 X 10
Division
●
Rule- Subtract the exponent values and divide
the numeric coefficients.
Example
6
10
4X
3
÷ 2 X 10
3
2 X 10
Summary
● Solving math problems in electronics
using very large and small numbers can
be difficult and time consuming. Very
large and small numbers consist of many
digits, often zeros. Anyone who has
worked with a lot of zeros knows that
mistakes in math are easy to make.
Powers of 10 and metric prefixes are
shorthand methods for expressing very
large and very small numbers. Using this
shorthand will allow you to perform
calculations with greater accuracy.
Metric Notation, Electrical
Prefixes, and Powers
of 10