Transcript Data

Creating Data
Tables and Graphs
What is Data?
• Data is information
• Examples of data
include:
– The number of kilometers
from Houston to
Indianapolis
– The number of
centimeters of rain that fall
yearly in Texas
– The length in minutes of a
Hannah Montana song
How is data used?
• Scientists use data all the time to:
– Predict the weather
– Aid in the recovery of patients in hospitals
– Determine the dose of a chemical or radiation
that is harmful to the public
Complete Data Tables Contain:
• A descriptive title
• Variables describing what information has
been collected
• Units telling how those variables were
measured
• Data collected in ordered pairs
• All work done neatly
The Title
• The title of this data table is “The Heating of
Compound X.”
• Without a title, it would be difficult for a person
studying the table to figure out what all the
numbers mean.
Heating of Compound X
Time (minutes)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Temperature (°C)
20 21 23 27 35 45 61 69 71
Variables and Units
• A variable describes what information you are
recording.
• A unit tells how you are going to measure that
variable.
Heating of Compound X
Time (minutes)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Temperature (°C)
20 21 23 27 35 45 61 69 71
What is the independent variable? What is the dependent variable?
8
The Data
•
Data is organized in a data table.
•
The numbers in the table are organized in ordered
pairs.
•
An ordered pair consists of an independent and
dependent variable that correspond to one another.
Heating of Compound X
Time (minutes)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Temperature (°C)
20 21 23 27 35 45 61 69 71
Remember…
Tiny Vicious Unicorns Drink Nectar
Title
Variables
Units
Data
Neatly
What is a graph?
• A graph is a picture of information in a data table.
• The following data table and graph are for the Heating of
Compound X.
Heating of Compound X
Time (minutes)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Temperature (°C) 20 21 23 27 35 45 61 69 71
Temperature (degrees
C)
Heating of Compound X
80
60
40
20
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Time (minutes)
7
8
9
What do the table and graph have
in common?
Everything! They contain the same title, variables,
units, and data.
Heating of Compound X
Time (minutes)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Temperature (°C) 20 21 23 27 35 45 61 69 71
Temperature (degrees
C)
Heating of Compound X
80
60
40
20
0
1
2
3
4
5
Time (minutes)
6
7
8
Graphs
• The independent variable goes on the horizontal
axis, or X-axis.
• The dependent variable goes on the vertical
axis, or Y-axis.
Intersection for
ordered pair (1, 21)
20
10
Temp.
(°C)
0
0
1
2
3
Time (minutes)
4
What type of graph should I use?
• One of the most challenging parts of
graphing data is to decide which type of
graph is appropriate for the data.
• There are three main types of graphs that
are often used for scientific data: pie
charts, bar graphs, and line graphs.
Pie Charts
• Pie charts, or circle graphs, are used to
display what part of a whole each variable
is. Pie charts are ideal when showing
fractions or percents.
Bar Graphs
• Bar graphs show how variables compare
to one another.
• Bar graphs look at the differences
between similar things.
Line Graphs
• Line graphs show how a variable changes,
usually with time as the independent variable.
400
Counts per minute (cpm)
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
distance from detector (in)
2.5
3
3.5
What type of graph should I use?
Look at the following example and decide
which type of graph will best fit the data.
How many pets does the average family
have?
Answer: A Bar Graph
What type of graph should I use?
Look at the following examples and decide
which type of graph will best fit the data.
What type of trash makes up the biggest
portion of garbage?
Answer: A Pie Chart
What type of graph should I use?
Look at the following examples and decide
which type of graph will best fit the data.
How much will the temperature of a turkey
change when baking for twenty minutes?
Answer: A Line Graph
Game Time!
• Now it’s time to collect our own data and
generate a graph.
• We will be measuring the number of seconds it
takes to pass the beanbag ball from student to
student. We will start with five students and
continue adding five students until the whole
class is passing the ball.
Organize the Data
Football Toss
Organize the Data
Number of Students
Time (seconds)
5
2
10
4
15
8
20
9
Graph the Data
Time
(seconds)
0
5
10
15
20
Number of Students
25
30
Let’s Review…
What is missing?
400
Counts per minute (cpm)
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
distance from detector (in)
2.5
3
3.5
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What is missing?
40
Problem Areas
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
What is missing?
Time (minutes)
Temperature
(°C)