Transcript Brass on the Low Side - Ball State University

Brass on the Low Side
Christopher Heinze
MusEd259
Tuesday September 25, 2007
The Low Brass Family
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Trombone
Baritone
Euphonium
Tuba
Sousaphone
The Trombone
• The modern version of the Sackbut
• Used in Renaissance religious ensembles
mostly for voice doubling.
• Used in the orchestra first in the 18th
century
• The first prominent symphonic use was in
Beethoven’s Symphony #5
The Trombone Family
• Alto Trombone
• Tenor Trombone
• F trigger
• Range can go to a
C2
• Bass Trombone
• F and G trigger
• Range extends to a
B1
• Contrabass
Trombone
• A perfect fourth lower
than the tenor and
bass
Construction
• Made of brass most commonly
• Nickel and Silver are also used
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Cylindrical bore
9 feet (trigger trombone)
S shaped
A cup mouth piece where sound is
produced by the buzzing of one’s lips.
• How a Trombone is Made!!
Key and Transposition
• B-flat
• Transposition is CRAZY!!!
• It doesn’t transpose it is written in Concert
pitch
Clef and Range
• Written in mostly the
bass clef but can be
found in the tenor
clef and sometimes
the alto clef.
• Range from E2 to
F5 for tenor and
bass.
Resources and Tips for
Beginners
• Keep in mind the shape, length, and
weight of the instrument.
• The size of the mouth piece.
• www.Musicked.com
• www.dsokids.com
The Tuba
• Development began in the early nineteenth
century
• The ophicleide was being produced in the
1820’s. A forerunner of the tuba was keyed.
• In 1835 the first bass tuba in F was made by
Johann Gottfried Moritz and Wilheim
Wieprecht.
• In 1849 the helicon bass was introduced.
• Wrapped around the body
• In 1870 the Sax-horns were invented by Adolfe
Sax (the same Adolfe of the saxophones.)
• Adopted by French Orchestras
Making a Tuba
• Usually made from brass, but can also be
made from nickel and silver.
• Conical bore
• 18-12 feet of tubing depending on the key
and type of the tuba.
• Made a variety of sizes: 3/4 4/4 5/4 6/4
• Usually has four valves
• Models for younger students may only have three.
Types of Tubas
• Euphoniums/Baritones
• Tenor Tuba pitched an
octave higher
• Euphoniums usually have
an extra valve
• Upright/Bell Front Tuba
• BBb Tuba
• Most Common
• CC Tuba
• Orchestras
• Eb Tuba
• Bombardons (1800’s)
• F Tuba (Wagner Tuba)
• Easier to play higher
notes
• Used in Orchestras
More Tubas!!
•Tuba d’amore- made from wood and nickel
•The Alpenhorn- from the alps
•Made from a solid piece of soft wood, usually
spruce but sometimes pine.
•The Sousaphone- John P. Sousa
•Used by marching bands
•Convertible Tubas
Sound of the Tuba
• Very low but can be mellow and
soothing
• It is often used to play quick staccato
lines` but can also play sustained
melodies.
• Plays in Bass Clef
• Played by buzzing of the lips.
Key, Transposition, and
Range
• BBb Tuba
• Plays a written Bb
sounds a C
• Key of C
• No transposition
• Exceptions• Wagner Tuba (F)
QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Introducing the Tuba
• Really young student may benefit from the
baritone at first
• A 3/4 tuba can be used in middle school aged
• The weight of the tuba
• The size of the mouth piece
• www.Musicked.com
• http://www.nemusicpub.com/tips/tuba.html
• www.dsokids.com
Bibliography
• http://philharmonia.co.uk/thesoundexchange/
home
• http://www.Youtube.com
• http://www.music.vt.edu/musicdictionary
• http://playmusic.org
• http://www.geocities.com/CollegePark/Union/
7926/history.htm
• http://musicappreciation.suite101.com/article.
cfm/the_tuba_and_how_it_is_played
• http://www.bandparenting.net/tuba.html