Transcript Identify normal or desirable ranges for common health indicators

Warm ups:
1. What is a normal body temperature?
2. What is diabetes?
Identify normal or desirable ranges
for common health indicators
Temperature, blood pressure, weight,
cholesterol and blood glucose levels
Normal Body Temperature
• Oral (mouth) – 97.6 to 99.6 Fahrenheit
• Rectal (rectum) – 99.6 to 100.6 Fahrenheit
• Axillary (armpit) – 96.6 to 98.6 Fahrenheit
Blood Pressure
• ages 20 – 40 years is 120mm Hg systolic
pressure and 80mm Hg diastolic pressure.=
120/80mmHg
• Systolic pressure - heart`s ventricles contract
and push the blood through the veins.
• Diastolic pressure - when the artery is resting
• By using the term "normal", we really mean
the ideal figure.
Average blood pressure range for your age…
Ideal Weight
• Depends on height and how much muscle mass
• Better to use body mass index to see if you are in
the healthy range
Body Mass Index (BMI)
• Body mass index (BMI) is a measure of body
fat based on height and weight that applies to
adult men and women.
Body fat percentage
• How much of your body is fat vs. muscle
• Different for male and female
Normal Cholesterol levels
• Your total blood cholesterol is a measure of LDL
cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and other lipid
components. Doctors recommend total
cholesterol levels below 200
• cholesterol levels include the following parts:
– LDL (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, also called "bad"
cholesterol)
– HDL (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, also called "good"
cholesterol)
– Triglycerides (fats carried in the blood from the food we eat.
Excess calories, alcohol, or sugar in the body are converted
into triglycerides and stored in fat cells throughout the body.)
LDL cholesterol:
• LDL cholesterol = “BAD” cholesterol because it
LDL Cholesterol
LDL-Cholesterol
Categoryand
can build up on the walls
of your arteries
Less than
100
Optimal
increase
your chances of
getting heart
100 - 129
Near optimal/above optimal
disease.
130 - 159
Borderline high
The lower your LDL cholesterol
number, the
160 •- 189
High
190 and
above your risk.
Very high
lower
HDL cholesterol
• HDL cholesterol -- "good" cholesterol -- the
higher the number, the lower your risk.
HDL Cholesterol
HDL-Cholesterol Category
• This is because HDL cholesterol
protects
60 and above
High; Optimal; associated with lower risk
heart
disease
taking
the a"bad"
Less against
than 40 in men
and less
than 50 in by Low;
considered
risk factor for heart
women
disease and keeping it
cholesterol out of your blood
from building up in your arteries. The table
below explains what the numbers mean.
Triglycerides
• Triglycerides - chemical form in which most fat
exists in food and the body.
• A high triglyceride level has been linked to higher
risk of coronary artery disease. Here's the
breakdown.
Triglycerides
Triglyceride Category
Less than 150
Normal
150 - 199
Mildly High
200 - 499
High
500 or higher
Very high
Cholesterol Summary
Total Cholesterol
Category
Less than 200
Desirable
200 - 239
Mildly High
240 and above
High
Blood Glucose Levels:
• The blood glucose level is the amount of
glucose (sugar) present in the blood of a
human or animal.
• Average blood sugar levels between
– 3.6 and 5.8 mM (mmol/L, i.e., millimoles/liter), or
– 64.8 and 104.4 mg/dL.
• The human body naturally tightly regulates
blood glucose levels as a part of metabolic
homeostasis.
Blood sugar levels can change
throughout the day!
Diabetes
• If you have diabetes, no matter what type, it
means you have too much glucose in your
blood, although the reasons may differ. Too
much glucose can lead to serious health
problems.
• Two types of Diabetes:
– Type 1 diabetes and
– Type 2 diabetes
Signs and symptoms of type 1 and
type 2 diabetes:
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Increased thirst
Frequent urination
Extreme hunger
Unexplained weight loss
Presence of ketones in the urine (ketones are a byproduct of the
breakdown of muscle and fat that happens when there's not
enough insulin)
Fatigue
Blurred vision
Slow-healing sores
Mild high blood pressure
Frequent infections, such as gum or skin infections and vaginal or
Causes of type 1 diabetes
• In type 1 diabetes, your immune system — which
normally fights harmful bacteria or viruses —
attacks and destroys your insulin-producing cells
in the pancreas. This leaves you with little or no
insulin. Instead of being transported into your
cells, sugar builds up in your bloodstream. Type 1
is thought to be caused by a combination of
genetic susceptibility and environmental factors,
though exactly what those factors are is still
unclear.
Causes of prediabetes and type 2
diabetes
• In prediabetes — which can lead to type 2 diabetes —
and in type 2 diabetes, your cells become resistant to
the action of insulin, and your pancreas is unable to
make enough insulin to overcome this resistance.
Instead of moving into your cells, sugar builds up in
your bloodstream. Exactly why this happens is
uncertain, although as in type 1 diabetes, it's believed
that genetic and environmental factors play a role in
the development of type 2. Being overweight is
strongly linked to the development of type 2 diabetes,
but not everyone with type 2 is overweight.
Exit slip Questions:
1. What is a normal body temperature for
humans?
2. What is BMI?
3. What is a healthy BMI ?
4. What is diabetes?