Transcript Header file

Enum ,Char Functions& Math
Library Functions
I.Mona Alshehri
Character functions
toupper function:
Header file: ctype.h
 Syntax:
toupper(ch)
Where ch is a character literal or

variable

•
Job: translates character
into upper case
check other function
tolower from Help
Character functions
toascii function:
Header file: ctype.h
Syntax:
toascii(ch)
Where ch is a character literal or
variable
Job:
• translates character to
ascii format
• to see ascii code, define
integer variable
Character functions
isdigit function:
Header file: ctype.h
Syntax:
isdigit(ch)
Where ch is a character literal or variable
Job:
returns nonzero if c is a digit.
Check other function isalpha, isupper, islower from Help
Example:
cout <<isdigit(‘F’)<<endl
<< isdigit(‘8’);
// print 0
// print any nonzero number
Enumeration Data Type:
Syntax:
enum model_name { value1, value2, value3, . . } ;
Example:
enum colors {black, blue, green, cyan, red, purple, yellow, white};
colors mycolor;
mycolor = blue;
•In fact our enumerated data type is compiled as an integer and its possible
values are any type of integer constant specified. If it is not specified, the
integer value equivalent to the first possible value is 0 and the following ones
follow a +1 progression. Thus, in our data type colors that we defined before,
black would be equivalent to 0, blue would be equivalent to 1, green to 2 and
so on.
Math Library Functions :
Header file is: # include <math.h>
sqrt(n)
abs(n)
pow(b, n)
n
n
b^n
Math Library Functions :
Syntax:
function_name (argument);
Data types of arguments and returned value:
Function
sqrt(n)
Arguments
+ number
Return value
+ number
± integer number
+ integer number
Ex: sqrt(16)  4
abs(n)
Ex: abs(-6)  6
pow(b, n)
Ex: pow(3,2)  9
b: ± number
n: ± integer number
± number
Math Library Functions :
Syntax:
function_name (argument);
Arguments can be variables or numbers.
Example1: int x= 4;
cout<<sqrt(x);
Example2: int y;
y = pow(2,3);
cout<<y;
Example3: int x,y;
x = -3;
y = 6;
cout<<abs(x);
cout<<abs(y);
 2
8
3
6
Math Library Functions :
We can use nested functions for example:
sqrt ( pow ( abs (-4), 3) )
sqrt ( pow ( 4 , 3) )
sqrt ( 64)
=8
Math Library Functions :
#include <iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include <math.h>
// needed for the pow function
void main()
{
int x;
cout<<"Enter a number : ";
cin>>x;
cout<<endl<<x<<"\t"<<pow(x,2)<<"\t"<<pow(x,3)
getch();
}
Or
{
int x,y,z;
cout<<"Enter a number : ";
cin>>x;
y= pow(x,2) ;
z= pow(x,3) ;
cout<<endl<<x<<"\t"<<y<<"\t"<<z;
}
Example:
Calculate and display the area of a circle and the
circumference.
Start
Input
radius
Area of circle = 3.14 * r2
Circumference = 3.14 * 2 * r
Area = 3.14 * r2
Circumference = 3.14 * 2 * r
output
where r is the radius
Area, Circumference
End