Transcript Writing Chemical Formulas & Naming Compounds STUFF

Writing Chemical
Formulas & Naming
Compounds
STUFF noun st.f
(1) The material(s) of which
things are made
(2) A word never to be used
from this day forth in
chemistry class when
referring to the material(s)
of which things are made….
The elements in the Periodic Table are arranged
according to similarities in their properties…
Metals:
1. Generally hard and shiny
2. Conduct heat and electricity well.
3. Malleable and ductile
4. Few valence electrons
5. Tend to lose valence electrons
Nonmetals
1. Generally gases or brittle solids at room temperature
2. More valence electrons
3. Tend to gain valence electrons
Metalloids
•
Exhibit properties of both metals
and nonmetals
•
Are used in making
semiconductors
Semiconductors conduct electricity by using a free
electron that is available with impurities are introduced
into the crystal.
Semiconductors are used in transistors & solar cells
Predicting Chemical
Formulas
Ionic Substances:
When metals combine with
nonmetals an ionic substance
results. It is often fairly easy to
predict the chemical formulas of
ionic substance by determining
the ions that are formed.
Forming Ions
When metals LOSE electrons they become cations
Be+2 4 protons… +4
2 electrons.. -2
Net charge….
+2
When nonmetals GAIN electrons they become anions
N-3
7 protons… +7
10 electrons.. -10
Net charge….
-3
When atoms react and form ions…. It is
possible to predict the charge on the ion formed.
Oxidation Numbers
When a single atom takes on a charge it
is called a MONATOMIC ION.
The charge on the monatomic ion is
known as the OXIDATION NUMBER.
Question:
What does an oxidation number of 0 mean?
Common Metal Ions with
More than One Oxidation
Number
Formula
Cu+1
Cu+2
Fe+2
Fe+3
Pb+2
Pb+4
Sn+2
Sn+4
Stock Name
Copper (I) ion
Copper (II) ion
Iron (II) ion
Iron (III) ion
Lead (II) ion
Lead (IV) ion
Tin (II) ion
Tin (IV) ion
Classical Name
Cuprous ion
Cupric ion
Ferrous ion
Ferric ion
Plumbous ion
Plumbic ion
Stannous ion
Stannic ion
Binary Compounds: Compounds composed of only 2 elements.
For example combine Calcium and Bromine
Calcium ion is Ca+2
Bromine ion is Br-1
If combine Ca:Br as 1:1 then charge is
NOT balanced
……..…... +2:-1
If combine Ca:Br as 1:2 then charge is
balanced…. 1(+2):2(-1)
+2:-2
Criss-Cross Compounds…
A shortcut to figuring the necessary
ratio between two ions is the criss-cross
method.
Note: After Criss-Cross reduce to lowest whole number ratio…
Practice with Binary Ionic
Compounds
Combine the following elements:
1) Calcium and Sulfur
2) Magnesium and Nitrogen
3) Tin(IV) and Oxygen
Naming Binary Ionic
Compounds
•Name cation followed by anion
•Give anion an “ide” ending
•Uncriss-cross to find out the correct
cation name
Practice with Naming Binary
Ionic Compounds
Name the following binary compounds:
1) AlI3
2) FeO
3) CaSe
Polyatomic Ions
• Groups of atoms of more than one
element that carry a charge
• Bound tightly and do not ordinarily
break during chemical reactions
• Behave as though they were single
atoms
Ternary Ionic Compounds
contain more than 2 elements.
Same procedure as binary compounds except the
endings of the polyatomic ions have different
endings.
Practice with Ternary Ionic
Compounds
Write the formulas for these compounds:
1) Magnesium Hydroxide
2) Barium Sulfate
3) Ammonium Phosphate
Naming Ternary Ionic
Compounds
CaCO3
PbCrO4
Formulas of Molecular
Substances
• A substance whose atoms are
held together by covalent bonds
•Electrons are shared by two atoms
•Same two elements may form
several compounds
Formulas of Molecular
Substances
A system of prefixes are used to distinguish between
the compounds….
mono – one (1)
hexa – six (6)
di – two (2)
hepta – seven (7)
tri – three (3)
octa – eight (8)
tetra – four (4)
nona – nine (9)
penta – five (5)
deca – ten (10)
Formulas of Molecular
Substances
Naming: use prefixes and -ide ending
for 2nd atom
NO2
1 atom N & 2 atoms of O
(nitrogen) & (di + oxide)
Nitrogen dioxide
** Only use Mono on the 2nd atom
Practice with Molecular
Compounds
SO2
N2O4
CCl4
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