Transcript mgpia3e_ppt_01_03

1.3
Adding and
Subtracting Whole
Numbers, and
Perimeter
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Addition Property of 0
The sum of 0 and any number is that number.
8 + 0 = 8 and 0 + 8 = 8
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
Martin-Gay, Prealgebra & Introductory Algebra, 3ed
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Commutative Property of Addition
Changing the order of two addends does
not change their sum.
4 + 2 = 6 and 2 + 4 = 6
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Associative Property of Addition
Changing the grouping of addends does not
change their sum.
3 + (4 + 2) = 3 + 6 = 9
and
(3 + 4) + 2 = 7 + 2 = 9
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Subtraction Properties of 0
The difference of any number and that same number is 0.
9–9=0
The difference of any number and 0 is the same number.
7–0=7
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Polygons
A polygon is a flat figure formed by line segments
connected at their ends.
Geometric figures such as triangles, squares, and
rectangles are called polygons.
triangle
square
rectangle
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Perimeter
The perimeter of a polygon is the distance around
the polygon.
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Addition Problems
Descriptions of problems solved through addition may include
any of these key words or phrases:
Key Words
Examples
Symbols
added to
3 added to 9
3+9
plus
5 plus 22
5 + 22
more than
7 more than 8
7+8
total
total of 6 and 5
6+5
increased by
16 increased by 7
16 + 7
sum
sum of 50 and 11
50 + 11
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Martin-Gay, Prealgebra & Introductory Algebra, 3ed
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Subtraction Problems
Descriptions of problems solved by subtraction may include any
of these key words or phrases:
Key Words
Examples
Symbols
subtract
subtract 3 from 9
9–3
difference
difference of 8 and 2
8–2
less
12 less 8
12 – 8
less than
2 less than 20
20 – 2
take away
14 take away 9
14 – 9
decreased by
subtracted from
16 decreased by 7
5 subtracted from 9
16 – 7
9–5
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Helpful Hint
Be careful when solving applications that
suggest subtraction. Although order does not
matter when adding, order does matter when
subtracting. For example, 10 – 3 and 3 – 10
do not simplify to the same number.
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
Martin-Gay, Prealgebra & Introductory Algebra, 3ed
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Helpful Hint
Since subtraction and addition are reverse
operations, don’t forget that a subtraction
problem can be checked by adding.
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
Martin-Gay, Prealgebra & Introductory Algebra, 3ed
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Reading a Bar Graph
Number of Endangered Species
The graph shows the number of endangered species in each country.
146
89
83
73
72
64
Country
Source: The Top 10 of Everything, Russell Ash.
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