Transcript Slide 1

Quantum Numbers
How does a letter get to you?
5501 Haltom Rd
Haltom City, TX 76137
How does a letter get to you?
5501 Haltom Rd
Haltom City, TX 76137
Very general – includes many cities
How does a letter get to you?
5501 Haltom Rd
Haltom City, TX 76137
Very general – includes many cities
Still general – includes a handful of cities
How does a letter get to you?
5501 Haltom Rd
Haltom City, TX 76137
Very general – includes many cities
Still general – includes a handful of cities
Specific, but includes many places
How does a letter get to you?
Very specific – specifies only 1 place
5501 Haltom Rd
Haltom City, TX 76137
Very general – includes many cities
Still general – includes a handful of cities
Specific, but includes many places
Quantum numbers are mathematical
“addresses” of electrons for an atom – no two
electrons can have the same exact address
Summary
Notes
Quantum numbers are mathematical
“addresses” of electrons for an atom – no two
electrons can have the same exact address
(n, l, ml, ms) => title
n = principle quantum number
•energy level
•relates to size
•possible values are all positive integers
(1 to ∞)
Notes
Summary
•n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
(seven periods on the periodic table)
l = azimuthal quantum number
•sublevel
•relates to shape
•possible values are 0 to n-1 (currently 0-3)
Notes
Summary
s=0
p=1
d=2
f=3
ml = magnetic quantum number
•orbitals
•possible values are integers from –l to l
Notes
Summary
if l = 0 , then s = 0
if l = 1, then p = -1, 0, 1
if l = 2, then d = -2, -1, 0, 1, 2
if l = 3, then f = -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3
ms = spin quantum number
•spin of the electron
•possible values are ½ and -½
Notes
Summary
=½
= -½
example – Ti (22 electrons)
orbital notation
___
1s
___ ___ ___ ___
2s
2p
___
___ ___ __
___
___ ___ ___ ___ ___
3s
3p
4s
3d
example – Ti (22 electrons)
orbital notation
___
1s
___ ___ ___ ___
2s
2p
___
___ ___ __
___
___ ___ ___ ___ ___
3s
3p
4s
3d
1st arrow (1, 0, 0, ½)
example – Ti (22 electrons)
orbital notation
___
1s
___ ___ ___ ___
2s
2p
___
___ ___ __
___
___ ___ ___ ___ ___
3s
3p
4s
3d
1st arrow (1, 0, 0, ½)
2nd arrow (1, 0, 0, -½)
example – Ti (22 electrons)
orbital notation
___
1s
___ ___ ___ ___
2s
2p
___
___ ___ __
___
___ ___ ___ ___ ___
3s
3p
4s
3d
1st arrow (1, 0, 0, ½)
2nd arrow (1, 0, 0, -½)
Can be combined into (1, 0, 0, ±½)
___
1s
___ ___ ___ ___
2s
2p
___
___ ___ __
___
___ ___ ___ ___ ___
3s
3p
4s
3d
3rd and 4th arrows = (2, 0, 0, ±½)
___
1s
___ ___ ___ ___
2s
2p
___
___ ___ __
___
___ ___ ___ ___ ___
3s
3p
4s
3d
3rd and 4th arrows = (2, 0, 0, ±½)
for 2p: (2, 1, -1, ±½) and (2, 1, 0, ±½) and (2, 1, 1, ±½)
___
1s
___ ___ ___ ___
2s
2p
___
___ ___ __
___
___ ___ ___ ___ ___
3s
3p
4s
3d
3rd and 4th arrows = (2, 0, 0, ±½)
for 2p: (2, 1, -1, ±½) and (2, 1, 0, ±½) and (2, 1, 1, ±½)
for 3s: (3, 0, 0, ±½)
___
1s
___ ___ ___ ___
2s
2p
___
___ ___ __
___
___ ___ ___ ___ ___
3s
3p
4s
3d
3rd and 4th arrows = (2, 0, 0, ±½)
for 2p: (2, 1, -1, ±½) and (2, 1, 0, ±½) and (2, 1, 1, ±½)
for 3s: (3, 0, 0, ±½)
for 3p: (3, 1, -1, ±½) and (3, 1, 0, ±½) and (3, 1, 1, ±½)
___
1s
___ ___ ___ ___
2s
2p
___
___ ___ __
___
___ ___ ___ ___ ___
3s
3p
4s
3d
3rd and 4th arrows = (2, 0, 0, ±½)
for 2p: (2, 1, -1, ±½) and (2, 1, 0, ±½) and (2, 1, 1, ±½)
for 3s: (3, 0, 0, ±½)
for 3p: (3, 1, -1, ±½) and (3, 1, 0, ±½) and (3, 1, 1, ±½)
for 4s: (4, 0, 0, ±½)
___
1s
___ ___ ___ ___
2s
2p
___
___ ___ __
___
___ ___ ___ ___ ___
3s
3p
4s
3d
3rd and 4th arrows = (2, 0, 0, ±½)
for 2p: (2, 1, -1, ±½) and (2, 1, 0, ±½) and (2, 1, 1, ±½)
for 3s: (3, 0, 0, ±½)
for 3p: (3, 1, -1, ±½) and (3, 1, 0, ±½) and (3, 1, 1, ±½)
for 4s: (4, 0, 0, ±½)
for 3d: (3, 2, -2, ½) and (3, 2, -1, ½)
notice -- no more arrows