Transcript Alkane Take Home

Introduction to Organic Chemistry:
 Largest
Chemistry Field in the
Modern World
 Medicines
 Plastics
 Synthetics
 Fuels
 Carbon
 Forms 4 Strong Covalent Bonds
 Makes countless combinations of
molecules all based on Carbon
 Must
NAME them carefully to
allow others to reproduce them
# of Carbons
1. Meth2. Eth-
6. Hex7. Hept-
3. Prop-
8. Oct-
4. But5. Pent-
9. Non10. Dec-
 We
start with the simplest type
of organic molecule
 Alkane
 Saturated Hydrocarbons
▪ Maximum amount of Hydrogens
 Only Single Bonds between Carbons
1.
2.
Work Backwards
Start with the ending –ane
 means “Only Single Bonds”
3. Find
longest unbroken line of
carbons. This stem determines
the prefix. (meth-, eth-, etc)
4.
5.
Circle all carbon groups not on
the stem, these are branches
Name them using the same
prefixes, but an –yl ending
 1 Carbons = Methyl, 2 Carbons = Ethyl
 3 Carbons = Propyl, 4 Carbons = Butyl
6.
Arrange branches alphabetically
7.
Add extra prefixes if there are
multiple of the same branch
instead of rewriting them.
 2 of same = Di, 3 of same = Tri
Ex: dimethyl = 2 branches w/ 1 carbon each
8.
Number the carbons on the stem
 Start at the end closest to a branch
9.
Record the # of the attached stem
carbon next to each branch
 These numbers are addresses,
explaining where a branch is on the
stem (location, not amount)
876 : Extra
9
31&2
4
5
Find
Number
Name
Circle
Arrange
Label
: Start
Stem
Prefixes
Branches
branches
Branches
Backwards,
Carbons
Branches
(Longest
(di
(use
(C
(prefix-yl)
(near
&Alphabetically
not
-ane
Line
tri)
stem
on
branch)
of
ending
Stem)
address)
C)
32Carbons3
4
5
6
7
4 Carbons
8
Methyl
1
Methyl
4-ethyl
ethyl
Ethyl
3,5-dimethyl
dimethyl
methyl octane
-ane
4-ethyl 3,5-dimethyl octane
It is all about Decoding the Name.
This is why the name must be
carefully constructed.
5C
6C
6C
8 C Either of these works,
8 C and have same name
Click for Answer
5
6
7
8
4
3
2
1
2,5-dimethyl octane
Click for Answer
7
6
5
4
3
8
2
9
2,5,6-trimethyl nonane
1
4-ethyl
Click for Answer
2,3,3-trimethyl
hexane
1
2
3
4
5
6
Click for Answer
6
5
4
3
2
1
7
8
9
10
7,8-diethyl
2,3,6-trimethyl
decane
Notice:your
eachlife
C has
4 Bonds when
 Make
easy!
finished. Lines + H = 4 for each C
 Straight Stem starting at #1
 2,2,6-trimethyl
heptane
#1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7