Transcript Electrons #1

10/17/2012
Bellwork
1. Identify five things you can determine from this cell from
the periodic table:
2. How many valence electrons does this element have?
Grades
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to earn a better grade by the end of the semester?
What can you do to improve your experience?
Changes this Quarter
Below a 70% on Tests & Quizzes
Test & Quiz retakes
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Quote of the day...
Its not about perfect. Its about
effort. And when you bring that
effort every single day, thats
where transformation happens.
That's how change occurs.
Electron Configuration
Review
Neils Bohr - Electrons (e-) are in specific orbitals
Protons = Electrons
2 electrons in orbit 1, 8 e- in orbit 2, 18 e- in orbit 3
Electron Configuration
Electrons have little mass
They exhibit particle & wave properties
We can determine the position of an e- from the
nucleus through 4 Quantum Numbers:
1. Principle Number (Energy of e-)
2. Angular Momentum Number (Shape of Orbital)
3. Magnetic Number (Orientation/Position of Orbital)
4. Spin Number (Spin on e- ; +/-)
Principle Quantum Number (n)
Distance from Nucleus
Electrons far away have higher values for n
Electrons that are closer are more attracted to the
nucleus and are more stable
As n increases, so does energy & the likelihood that
the electron will be lost
Angular Momentum (l)
Angular Momentum Describes the shape of the orbital
Can be shown by letters & numbers
s, p, d, f and up the alphabet
Angular Momentum (l)
s orbital spherical in shape
p orbital is dumbell in shape
Angular Momentum (l)
Another view
Max of 2e- in s subshell
Max of 6e- in p subshell
Max of 10e- in d subshell
Max of 14e- in f subshell
Magnetic Number
Shows the orientation in space
s orbital
p orbital
Notation
Physicist & Chemists use a standard notation to show
the electron configurations of atoms:
Hydrogen 1s1 (1 e- in s orbital of the 1st shell)
Li 1s2 2s1 (2 e- in 1s subshell & 1 e- in the 2s
subshell)
P 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p3
Can you find the # of e- in Phosphorus?
Notation
In larger atoms, Noble Gasses are used to help
abbreviate the notation
Ex: We can change P from 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p3 to
[Ne] 3s2 3p3
We can do this because Neon is 1s2 2s2 2p6
Find the closest Noble Gas & build from there
Aufbau Principle
The order for filling atomic orbitals
Aufbau (German: to build up or construct)
Note the pattern for s, p, d, & f
s, p, d, f & the Periodic table
The format of the periodic table relates to electron
configuration
Any Questions?