Transcript 4.quantumorbitals

Quantum Electron Configurations
Erwin Schrödinger
1887 - 1961
The Schrödinger Equation
Werner Heisenberg
1901 – 1976
Bohr Theory
The electron is a particle that must be in orbital in the atom.
Quantum Theory
The electron is like a cloud of negative energy or a wave.
Orbitals are areas in 3D space where the electrons most probably are.
The energy of the electron is in its vibrational modes- like notes on a guitar string.
Photons are produced when high energy modes change to lower energy modes
S orbitals
Each orbital holds 2 electrons
S
S
orbitals
P orbitals
There are 3 suborbitals
Each contains 2 electrons
Total electrons = 6
Animation
P Orbitals
P Orbitals
D orbitals
•There are 5 suborbitals
•Each contains 2 electrons
•Total electrons = 10
D orbitals
F orbitals
There are 7 suborbitals
Each contains 2 electrons
Total electrons = 14
F orbitals
Quantum Periodic Table
1s2
2s2
Count the electrons in each different orbital type
until you get to Fluorine. Put in order of lowest to
highest energy level.
2p5
F
1.
F
The Electron Configuration
1s22s22p5
Principle Quantum Number
Number of Electrons in the Orbital
Orbital Type- s, p, d, or f
Quantum Periodic Table
2p6
3p6
2.
Ca
1s22s22p63s23p64s2
1s2 2s22p6 3s23p6 4s2
2
8
8
2
Simplify to a Bohr electron
configuration
Quantum Periodic Table
2p6
3p6
3d9
3.
Cu
1s22s22p63s23p63d94s2
Simplify to a Bohr electron configuration
1s2 2s22p6 3s23p63d9 4s2
2
8
17
2
Quantum Periodic Table
3d10
2p6
3p6
4p6
Count the electrons in each different orbital type
until you get to Kr. Put in order of lowest to
highest energy level.
4.
Kr
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p6
Simplify to a Bohr electron configuration
1s2 2s22p6 3s23p63d10 4s24p6
2
8
18
8
Quantum Periodic Table
3d10
4d4
2p6
3p6
4p6
4.
Mo
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d45s2
Quantum Periodic Table
3d10
4d10
2p6
3p6
4p6
5p5
5.
I
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d105s25p5
Simplify to a Bohr electron configuration
1s2 2s22p6 3s23p63d10 4s24p64d10 5s25p5
2
8
18
18
7
Why does the 4s fill before the 3d?
5s
4p
3d
4s
3p
3s
Quantum Periodic Table
3d10
4d10
2p6
3p6
4p6
5p6
6.
Ba2+
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d105s25p6
7.
Xe
1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d105s25p6
8.
I1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p64d105s25p6
The above chemical species are isoelectronic- same
electron configuration
Ishihara Test for Colour Blindness – if you can read all
of the numbers you have good colour vision
Atomic Theory Song