Transcript atoms - My CCSD

Chemistry of Living Things
2 DAYS OF NOTES
& JOY!
Basics of Chemistry – JOY!
The cell is a complex “chemical factory”.
It is made up of atoms, elements, compounds,
and molecules.
The chemical processes of
the organism takes place
inside the organism’s cells.
The Atom
Living and nonliving things are made up of
tiny units called atoms.
The center core is called
the nucleus.
The Atom
The nucleus is made up of particles called
protons and neutrons
Protons have a positive
charge (+1) and neutrons
have no electrical charge (0).
Negatively charged particles,
called electrons (-1) revolve
around the nucleus at different
distances from the nucleus.
The Atom
The electrons move in paths
called shells or energy levels.
Atoms have the same
number of electrons and
protons. Therefore, they are
electrically neutral
(have no electrical charge).
Elements
There are about 100 different kinds of atoms
known to scientists today.
A substance made up entirely of one kind of
atom is called an element.
Ninety-two elements occur naturally and
the others were made up in a laboratory.
Elements differ from one another in their
proton, neutron, and electron number.
The Periodic Table of Elements
Most Common Elements
Element
Symbol
Carbon
C
Hydrogen
H
Oxygen
O
Nitrogen
N
Sulfur
S
Phosphorus
P
Magnesium
Mg
Iodine
I
Iron
Fe
Calcium
Ca
Sodium
Na
Chlorine
Cl
Potassium
K
Zinc
Zn
ELEMENTS
ELEMENT
Oxygen
Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Calcium
Phosphorus
Potassium
Sulfur
Chlorine
Sodium
Magnesium
IN
HUMANS
% By Mass
65%
18%
10%
3%
1.5%
1.2%
0.2%
0.2%
0.2%
0.1%
0.05%
Elements
An element cannot be
broken down into any
other substance or matter.
Pure silver is an element.
 It is made up only of
silver atoms.
 When you break down
a silver atom, you get
electrons, protons, and neutrons.

Element Symbols
Each element is represented
by a symbol made up of one
or two letters.
END OF DAY 1 OF NOTES
Do #’s 4 and 5 on page 2!
CARBON
OXYGEN
DAY 2: NOTES
COMPOUNDS
&
CHEMICAL BONDS
(a love / like story!)
Compounds
A compound is formed when two or more
elements combine chemically.
Compound Properties
The properties (characteristics) of compounds are
quite different from the properties of the elements
of which they are composed.



For example, table sugar is
made up of the elements
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Carbon is a black solid, and
hydrogen and oxygen are
colorless gases.
However, when they combine
chemically they form a white
granular substance.
Compounds
Elements combine to form compounds by a
process called chemical bonding.
The formation of a chemical bond involves
either the transfer of electrons from one
atom to another, or the sharing of electrons
between atoms.
Chemical Bonding:
2 Ways to Form
Compounds
Molecules
A molecule of a particular compound is
made up of definite numbers and kinds
of atoms bonded (joined) together.
A molecule of water contains two
hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom
bonded together.
Two atoms of hydrogen bond
together form a molecule
of hydrogen.
Ions
An ion is an atom that has gained or lost an electron.
Ions are formed during chemical bonding that involves
the transfer of electrons.
When electrons are transferred from one atom to another,
both atoms become electrically charged.
The atom that loses electrons
becomes positively charged.
The atom that gains electrons
becomes negatively charged.
The ions with opposite electrical
charges are attracted to one another.
1st Type: Ionic Bonds (LOVE)
A chemical bond formed
when atoms lose or gain
electrons is called an
ionic bond.
They are attracted to
each other like magnets.
One atom is positive, the
other is negative.
Opposites attract!
2nd Type: Covalent Bonds (LIKE)
Covalent bonds are formed when atoms share
electrons to produce compounds.
When making
hydrogen gas,
one molecule of
hydrogen gas is
formed when two
hydrogen atoms join
by sharing electrons.
END OF DAY 2 OF NOTES!
You did it!
Let’s make a
foldable for
the following
words…
Element
Compound
Molecule
Ionic Bond
Covalent Bond