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MATRIX: A rectangular
arrangement of
numbers in rows and
columns.
The ORDER of a matrix
is the number of the
rows and columns.
The ENTRIES are the
numbers in the matrix.
This order of this matrix
is a 2 x 3.
columns
rows
6 2 1
2 0 5
8
0
10
1
0
4
3
2
3
2
1
7
0
4
1
0
1
3
3x3
9
5 7
1x4
6
5 9
2
7
1
2
(or square
matrix)
2x2
3
8
6
3x5
(or square
matrix)
0
(Also called a
column matrix)
9
7
0
6
4x1
(Also called a
row matrix)
To add two matrices, they must have the same
order. To add, you simply add corresponding
entries.
5
3
0
3 2
4 3
7 4
1
0
3
5 (2) 3 1
33
40
0 4
7 (3)
3
0
4
2
4
4
8 0 1 3 1 7
5 4 2 9 5 3
=
=
5 2
3 2
8 (1)
07
1 5
3 2
5 5
43
23
9 ( 2)
7
0
7
7
4
5
5
7
To subtract two matrices, they must have the same
order. You simply subtract corresponding entries.
9 2 4 4 0 7 9 4
5 0 6 1 5 4
5 1
1 3 8 2 3 2 1 (2)
20
5
4
3
2
05
33
5
0
47
6 (4)
8 2
3
10
6
=
2
8
1
4
0
5
3 0
1
7 3 1
0 4 2
2-0
-4-1
8-3
0-(-1) -7-1
1-(-4)
5-2
3-8
0-7
=
8
1
7
2 -5 -5
5 1 -8
5
3
-7
In matrix algebra, a real number is often called a SCALAR.
To multiply a matrix by a scalar, you multiply each entry in
the matrix by that scalar.
2
4
4
0
4( 2)
1
4( 4)
8
16
4(0)
4( 1)
0
4
1
2
0
2 4
3 6
1 4
2
0 6
-2
-3 3
6 -5
-2(-3) -2(3)
-2(6)
-2(-5)
5
8
2 5
3 (8)
6 -6
-12
10
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