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Oxford English 8A
Chapter Four
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Do you know any international cities?
International airline? (Cathay Pacific)
What international languages do you know?
What does “digit” mean ?
a number (1, 2,3 etc)
a finger
What word do “calculator” and “calculate”
come from?
• a word that means a stone.
• What are the connections between “number”
and “finger” and between “stone” and
“calculator”?
• What is the biggest number?
• Work in groups and write down all the
things you use counting or numbers for
from the time you get up in the morning
until you go to bed at night.
• Wake ---- look at time on clock
• Get in lift---press button number
• Go to bus---stop and look for bus
number
• Count money for bus fare
• Write down the names of ten kinds of jobs that use
numbers a lot:
• architect , banker, engineer, maths
teacher, scientist, hawker, pilot,
salesperson, accountant,etc.
• Think of any jobs in which numbers are not often
used:
•
film star, artist, priest, journalist, writer,
bus driver, typist, farmer , etc
Ancient numbers
Greek
(希腊的; 希腊人; 希腊语)
Egyptian
(埃及的;埃及人)
Ⅰ=1 Ⅴ=5 Ⅹ=10 L=50
C= 100 D= 500 M=1000
Roman
III= 3
Ⅳ= 4
ⅩⅨ= 19
ⅩLⅤ= 45
Ⅵ= 5
ⅩⅩ= 20
MCMⅩⅩC= 1980
Chinese
壹 贰 叁 肆 伍
佰 仟 万
陆 柒 捌 玖 拾
What are these?
30%
a percentage
n.百分数, 百分比
√ 56
o
60
a number showing
degrees
square root
平方根
n.度数, 度,
a protractor
a pair of compasses
What are these?
0.824
5
6
a decimal number
a fraction
adj. 小数的, n.小数
n. 分数
51
89
a pair of odd number
32
158
a pair of even number
adj. 奇数的, 单数的, 不成对的, adj. 偶数的
+
add ; plus
addition, additional
x
multiply, times
=
equals
subtract , minus
÷
divide
Egyptian
Roman
Greek
Chinese
They are all ancient numbers.
They all show the number 6.
They nearly all counted in tens.
We count in tens because we have
ten fingers.
____________.
Who invented these numbers?
1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9
Indian
Arabian number
Which was invented first?
Why did people invent “0” ?
It made it easier to write big numbers and to calculate.
Development of calculating machines
bead
an abacus
one of the first calculating machines
fast and accurate
used today
calculation, calculator
Development of calculating machines
Why do you often use it?
a modern calculating machine
can add , subtract, multiply
and divide
can calculate percentages
and square roots
electronic calculator
Development of calculating machines
a very powerful
calculating machine
can do a calculation
that you could not do in
your whole lifetime
computer
brain
living computer
Which is more powerful?
Shakuntala Devi
an Indian lady
7 686 369 774 870
× 2 465 099 745 779 =?
18 947 668 177 995 426 462 773 730
How long did it take her to work out this
problem?
28 seconds
She can calculate like lightning.
How long did it take to solve this problem?
Shakuntala Devi: 50
seconds like lighting
Computer :
seconds in a flash
a
60
23
=
916748676920039158098660927585380162
483106680144308622407126516427934657
040867096593279205767480806790022783
016354924852380335745316935111903596
577547340075681688305620821016129132
845546805780158806771
a = 546,372,891
?
She’s got an amazing brain.
What the world would be
like if there were no
numbers?
accurate
adj with no mistakes
测量必须是精确的.
The measurements must be
accurate.
amazing adj very surprising
An ox eats an amazing amount
of food.
amaze (v)
amazement (n)
electronic adj. using electrons
for power
Most modern calculators are
electronic.
electronics (n.) takes a singular
verb
percentage n. an amount that is
part of a hundred
More than 90 per cent pf the class
was present.
Only a small percentage was absent.
Percentage is always written as one
word and per cent is written as two
words.
consist of
an active verb be made
up of
Our lunch today consists of
rice and pork.
这个班级由22位男生和17 位女生构成.
The class consists of 22 boys and
17 girls.
The class is comprised of 22…
program V give orders to a
computer
He tried to program his computer to
correct the errors in his
compositions.
program
n. a computer program.
In British English, programme is a
radio / TV item or a plan / schedule
A quiz
1. What number do you dial to report a robbery?
110.
2. What number will you dial if a fire breaks out?
119.
A quiz
3. If someone is badly injured, what
number will you dial?
120.
4. What number will you dial if you want to
know the weather report?
121
5. When is New Year’s Day?
It’s on the first of January.
6. When is Christmas Day?
It’s on the twenty-fifth of December.
7. China’s National Day is on
the
first of October
_________________.
4+8
4+5
4+8=12
Add 4 and 8.
(V.)
2+9
3+11
0.5+1.2
4 plus 8 equals/is 12.
(prep.)
4+5=9
2+9=11
3+11=14
8－4
7－3
8－4=4
7－3=4
Subtract 4 from 8.
(V.)
12－5
11－6
8.8－3.6
8 minus 4 equals/is 4.
(prep.)
12－5=7
11－6=5
4×8
2×8
4×8=32
2×8=16
Multiply 4 by 8.
3×7
4×12
7×11
4 multiplied by 8
equals/is 32.
3×7=21
4×12=48
8÷4
10÷2
8÷4=2
10÷2=5
Divide 8 by 4.
9÷3
12÷3
24÷6
8 divided by 4
equals/is 2.
9÷3=3
12÷3=4
instructions
statements
2+6
2+6=8
▲Add 2 and 6
6－2
▲ Subtract 2 from 6
2×6
▲ Multiply 2 by 6
6÷2
▲ Divide 6 by 2
▲ 2 plus 6 equals 8.
6－2=4
▲ 6 minus 2 equals 4.
2×6=12
▲ 2 multiplied by 6 equals 12.
6÷2=3
▲ 6 divided by 2 equals 3.
1. A____
dd 11 _____
and 1.
____
11 p____
lus ____
1 e______
quals ______.
12
2. S_________
ubtract 5 ______
from 13.
______
13 m______
inus ______
5
e______
quals ______.
8
3. M________
ultiply 7 ________
by
8.
_______
7
m___________
ultiplied by ______
8
e________
quals
56 .
_____
by 4.
4. D________
ivide
16 _______
16
_______
d________
ivided by ______
4
e________
quals
______.
4
A game: 24 points
8
2
1
4
＋

×

plus
minus
multiply
divide
8  2 ＝6
8 minus 2
equals/is 6.
6 × 4 ＝24
6 multiplied by 4
equals/is 24.
24 1 ＝24
24 divided by 1
equals/is 24.
A game: 24 points
5
1
2
7
＋ plus
 minus
× multiply
 divide
A game: 24 points
4
9
5
5
＋ plus
 minus
× multiply
 divide
A game: 24 points
3
6
2
8
＋ plus
 minus
× multiply
 divide
A game: 24 points
2
4
6
8
＋ plus
 minus
× multiply
 divide
18 + 26 = 44
+
-
add ; plus
subtract , minus
=
equals
A: Add 18 and 26
B:18 plus 26 is/equals 44
87 - 24 = 63
A: Subtract 24 from 87
B: 87 minus 24 is/equals 63
60 + 34 = 94
35 – 20 = 15
40 x 5 =200
x
multiply, times
A: Multiply 40 by 5
B: 40 multiplied by 5 is 200
90 ÷30 = 3
÷
A: Divide 90 by 30 .
divide
B: 90 divided by 30 equals 3
B1
20 x 5 = 100
80 ÷16 = 5
Work in pair
What is it?
A: Think of a number. But don’t tell me what it
is.
Add 1.
Multiply the answer by 2.
Now add 3.
Now multiply by 2 again.
Now subtract 10.
Now tell me the answer.
B: 48
A: 12
i
ii
iii
a
2
9
4
b
7
5
3
c
6
1
8
Read these numbers
1 mile = 1.609 km
one point six o nine
40% of our classmates are girls.
forty percent
5 of the students get to school on foot.
6
five sixths
His telephone number is 86765434.
I was born on January 18,1967.
The Changjiang River is 6,378 kilometers
long.
Say these cardinal numbers
32,805,041
thirty-two million eighty hundred
and five thousand and forty-one
1,306,313,812 one billion three hundred and six
million three hundred and
thirteen thousand eight hundred
and twelve
one thousand nine hundred and fifty
1950
one nine five zero
nineteen fifty
Work in pair
______________
1. 72+27
______________
2. 105-22
______________
3.10,000 x 36
______________
4. 1,440 ÷12
______________
5. 0.92 x 18.18
______________
6. 0.504 ÷ 0.12
1. 72+272
2. 150-22
3.10,000 x 3.6
4. 1,440 ÷120
5. 0.92 x 18.16
6. 0.504 ÷ 1.12
Fellow students
Mr Tang has given our school a gift of ￥35,000.
Our group thinks we should buy these three things.
We should buy some computers
First __________________.
20,000
This will cost about ￥ ________
Second,We
__________________________________.
should buy new equipment for gym
This will cost about ￥ __________.
5,000
We would like to buy some more books
Third ,____________________________________
for the library.
________________
10,000
This will cost about ￥ ________.
Have you got any questions?
a traffic accident
3,748
3,729
3,644
rise
rose
3,639
fall
fell
Traffic accidents 1996-2000
were 3,691 traffic accidents
The graph shows that there ___________________________
1997 the number _____
rose to ________
3,748
in 1996 in our city. In ______,
fell to _________
3,644
1998
1999
and _____
in ________.
In _______
the
rose
3,729
fell
3,639
number ________again
to _______.
It ____to
________in
2,000
_________
o
25 C twenty-five degrees Celsius
o
77 F seventy-seven degrees Fahrenheit
Anders Celsius 摄尔西乌斯
Fahrenheit
华伦海特
18世纪初德国仪器制造家华伦海特发明了一
个玻璃水银柱温度计，柱上刻有度数，当水
银因热而膨胀时，可以读出柱高的增加数。
华伦海特用冰与食盐的混合物所能得出的最
低温度作为他的刻度的零度。按他的刻度，
水的水的结冰读数为32°，水的沸腾读数为
212°，两者距离为180°。这种刻度很快得
到普遍应用，特别是在气象工作方面，因其
刻度细，有利于气象测量。1730年法国博物
学家列奥米尔建议把结冰与沸腾之间的距离
分成80°，这就是列氏温标。不久以后瑞典
天文学家摄尔西乌斯提议把两者中间的距离
分成100°。18世纪末法国国民公会采用摄
氏刻度作为公制的一部分，现在大多数国家
都使用这种刻度的温度计。
thirty degrees
30o
90o
60o sixty degrees
ninety degrees
1. Wilbur and Orville Wright, Wilbur was born on
April 16, 1867 and Orville was born on August
19,1871.
2. Our school was built in 1987.
3. Changjiang River, 6,378 km
4.The Himalayas in Tibet,China. Mount
Qomolangma
8,844.43 meters high.
5. 1991, about three years.
6. 1,306,000,000.
550,000,000
7. 400,000 m2
140,000 m2 (square meters)
8. 1,462 km (by train) /1,300 km 15 hours by train.
One and a half hours by plane.
9. 5 oC in winter ,26 oC in summer