Transcript Electron Arrangement

Electron Arrangement
What causes the different
colors?
Planetary Model

The planetary model was developed by
Bohr. Using this model, the sun
represents the nucleus and the planets
represent the electrons.
Electron Cloud Model

In this model, a cloud is used to represent
the area surrounding the nucleus in which
the electrons are located.
Heisenberg

Heisenberg stated that it is impossible to
know both the location and the momentum
of an electron at the same time.

This is commonly referred to as the
Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle.
Schroedinger
Schroedinger developed a mathematical
equation .
 The solution to the equation was a set of
four quantum numbers for each electron in
an atom.
 This set of numbers was used to describe
the area in the electron cloud in which the
electron has the greatest probability of
being located.

Quantum Numbers
Principle Quantum Number (n)-indicates
the size of the electron cloud and is
commonly referred to as the energy level.
 Each energy level has a maximum number
of electrons. (2n2)

Principle Quantum Number
Energy Level
Maximum # of
Electrons
1
2
2
8
3
18
4
32
5
50
6
72
How many electrons can the
energy level hold?
0%
1.
16%
2.
84%
3.
0%
4.
2
8
18
32
rd
3
How many electrons can the
level hold?
0%
1.
0%
2.
95%
3.
5%
4.
32
49
98
125
th
7
Subsidiary Quantum Number





Subsidiary Quantum Number (l)- indicates the
shape of the electron cloud and is commonly
referred to as the sublevel.
Sublevels are represented by the letters s, p, d,
and f.
The s sublevel is spherical, the p sublevel is
shaped like a dumbbell (2 lobes), the d sublevel
has 4 lobes, and the f sublevel has 8 lobes.
Each sublevel can hold a maximum number of
electrons.
Each energy level is made up of a maximum
number of sublevels.
s sublevel
p sublevel
d sublevel
f sublevel
Subsidiary Quantum Number
Energy Level
Sublevel
Maximum # of
electrons
1
s
2
2
s, p
2, 6
3
s, p, d
2, 6, 10
4
s, p, d, f
2, 6, 10, 14
The p sublevel is what shape?
5%
1.
86%
2.
10%
3.
0%
4.
Spherical
Dumbbell
2 lobed
4 lobed
The d sublevel can hold how
many electrons?
0%
1.
0%
2.
86%
3.
14%
4.
2
6
10
14
The fourth energy level can
have how many sublevels?
0%
1.
0%
2.
0%
3.
100%
4.
1
2
3
4
Magnetic Quantum Number
Magnetic Quantum Number (m)- indicates
the orientation in space of the electron
cloud and is commonly referred to as the
orbital.
 An orbital consists of a maximum of 2
electrons.

Magnetic Quantum Number
Sublevel
# of orbitals
s
1
p
3
d
5
f
7
s orbitals
p orbitals
d orbitals
f orbitals
The s sublevel has how many
orbitals?
100%
1.
0%
2.
0%
3.
0%
4.
1
3
5
7
An orbital can hold how many
electrons?
0%
1.
100%
2.
0%
3.
0%
4.
1
2
3
4
A d sublevel has how many
orbitals?
0%
1.
5%
2.
95%
3.
0%
4.
1
3
5
7
Spin Quantum Number
Spin Quantum Number (s)- indicates the
direction of the spin of an electron as it
rotates on its axis.
 The electron either rotates clockwise or
counter clockwise.
 Electrons in the same orbital spin in
opposite directions.

In order for two electrons to be in the same orbital,
they must have opposite _____.
0%
1.
0%
2.
0%
3.
100%
4.
charges
color
mass
spin
Pauli Exclusion Principle
states that no two electrons in the
same atom can have the same set of
four quantum numbers.
What law states that if is impossible to know
both the location and the momentum of an
electron at the same time?
14%
1. Pauli Exclusion Principle
86%
2. Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
0%
3. Hunds Rule
0%
4. Schrodinger Equation
0%
0%
0%
0%
What law states that no two electrons can
have the same set of four quantum
numbers?
1. Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle 10
2. Pauli Exclusion Principle
3. Hund’s Rule
4. Schrodinger’s Equation
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