Transcript Preparations 1)Mouthwash 2)Effervescent solutions: a

Presented by
Ahmed Magdy
Preparations
1)Mouthwash
2)Effervescent solutions:
a)Potion Reviere
b)Magnesium citrate
Problems
Metric system
1)Mouthwash ‫مضمضة‬
Aqueous
solution used for its
deoderant, refreshing or antiseptic
effect.
It may contain:
Alcohol
????
 Glycerin
 Synthetic sweeteners
 Flavoring &coloring agents
 Surface active agents

p. 75
Most mouthwashes are slightly alkaline..why??
Because:
1. Alkaline solutions are more effective in
dissolving & removing mucous & saliva.
2. Acid solutions have a damaging effect on
the teeth.
3. Strongly alkaline solution will produce
tissue damage &sloughing of mucous
membrane of mouth & throat.
 Many of the common oral preparation have
a pH in alkaline range between 7 and 9.
 Those which are acidic in character rarely
have a pH value below 5.
Rx
Potassium bicarbonate 2 gm
Sodium borate (borax) 2 gm
Thymol
0.05 gm
Eucalyptol
0.1 gm
Methyl salicylate
0.05 ml
Alcohol
20 ml
Amaranth solution
14 ml
Purified water
to 100 ml
Fiat : Mouthwash
Mitte : 50 ml
x 0.5
I gm
1 gm
0.025gm
0.05 gm
0.025 ml
10 ml
7 ml
50 ml
(Alkalinizer)
(Antiseptic & Astringent)
(Volatile oils are refreshing
, cooling, antiseptic &
anti-inflammatory).
( antiseptic & solvent)
( coloring agent (red))
Calculation:
F = R/P = 50/100 = 0.5
¾ vehicle (water)= [50-(10+7)] x ¾ = 25ml
Aromatic
mixture
Procedure:
1) In a beaker add
25 ml water.???
2) dissolve
KHCO3 & Borax
3) Filter
4) add amaranth
solution
(Aqueous solution)
5) In dry cup
measure add 10 ml
alcohol
6) Add 2 drops of the
aromatic mixture
(Alcoholic solution)
7) Add aqueous solution to the alcoholic
solution portion wise with continuous stirring.
(clear red solution)
8)Adjust volume with water.
50
ml
Fiat : Mouthwash
Red label
The Mouthwash
To be used as directed.
2) Effervescent solutions




p.70
Uses of CO2 in effervescent solution:
1)Refreshing 2)mask saline bad taste
3)digestive by stimulating gastric juice secretion
A solution containing a recently prepared salt by combining an acid (
citric or/and tartaric) and alkali carbonate or bicarbonate ( potassium or
sodium)
Effervescent preparation are more agreeable to the taste when slightly
acidic..so we add a slight excess of the acid .
Types of effervescent solution:
1. Alkaline & acidic solutions dispensed in two separate bottles , one dose
of each bottle is mixed just before administration.(Potion Reviere)
2. The alkaline salt is dispensed as powder in paper packets the patient
adds the content of each packet to each dose of the acid dose
3. Mixture is dispensed charged with CO2 in tightly closed bottles ..the
alkaline salt added at last & the bottle is corked &the cork is fixed with
string.( Mg Citrate)
a) Potion Reviere
Uses: Antiemetic
Solution No. 1
Rx
Sodium bicarbonate 0.35gm
Syrup
2 ml
Water
to
15 ml
Fiat : Alkaline solution
Solution No. 2
x6
2.1 gm
12 ml
9o ml
x6
Rx
2.4 gm
Citric acid
0.4 gm 12 ml
Syrup of lemon 2 ml
9o ml
Water
to
15 ml
Fiat : Acid solution
Prepare VI doses of each
Sig: 15 ml of each to be mixed directly before use.
Calculation:
Soln 1 : ¾ vehicle (water) =[90-12] x ¾ =58.5 ml
Soln 2 : ¾ vehicle (water) =[90-12] x ¾ =58.5 ml
Procedure:
The alkaline solution
1)add ¾ water 58 ml???
2)Dissolve sodium
bicarbonate
3)Filter using wetted
cotton (if necessary)
Clear solution
4)Add syrup(12 ml)
5)Complete to 90 ml
with water
The acid solution
1)add ¾ water 58 ml???
2)Dissolve citric acid
3)Filter using wetted
cotton (if necessary)
Clear solution
4)Add syrup of
lemon(12ml)
5)Complete to 90 ml
with water
Must be clear
Fiat : Alkaline solution
Fiat : Acid solution
Sig: 15 ml of each to be mixed directly before use.
White label
The Alkaline Solution
One tablespoonful
of each to be mixed
directly before use.

The Acid Solution
One tablespoonful
of each to be mixed
directly before use.
Can we use lemon syrup (sweetening agent) in solution 1 ??
NO ,as lemon syrup contain citric acid
react with
NaHCO3
CO2 (effervescence)
Why we use lemon syrup in solution 2??
Because flavor &taste of lemon syrup is matched & compatible
with citric acid so can be used as flavoring & sweetening agent
b) Magnesium citrate
Uses: laxative ( magnesium citrate is the active ingredient)
Rx
Magnesium carbonate
Sodium bicarbonate
Citric acid
Distilled water to
Fiat : mist
Sig: m.d.s
1.5 gm
3 gm
3 gm
100 ml
Calculation:
¾ vehicle (water) =100 x ¾ =75 ml
p.72
Procedure:
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)

In a beaker 75 ml water
Dissolve 3g citric acid
Add 1.5 g magnesium carbonate
Boil on direct flame until clear solution is
obtained
Transfer to cup measure & adjust the volume
with water to 100 ml
Transfer into colourless 200 ml stoppered
bottle ( test it!!)
Cool to room temperature(using tap water)
Add 3g NaHCO3 on the wall of the bottle
& immidiately stopper the bottle
Dissolve the NaHCO3 by very gentle
tilting of the bottle & slight rotation.
Keep the bottle on its side in a cool place.
don’t try to open the bottle!!
N.B.
This prescription illustrates the importance of the order
of mixing :
 First : citric + MgCO3 (insoluble) heat Mg Citrate
(soluble)+ CO2 cool add soluble NaHCO3
Clear
solution
 If sol NaHCO3 is added first to citric acid
soluble Na
Citrate
&on adding MgCO3 (insoluble) , it will not find enough citric
acid to change it to soluble Mg Citrate so some of MgCO3
remain insoluble (ppt).

Citric acid
MgCO3
Mg Citrate
soluble
NaHCO3
Na Citrate
soluble
Xss
NaHCO3
soluble
Citric acid
NaHCO3
Na Citrate
soluble
MgCO3
Mg Citrate
soluble
Xss
MgCO3
insoluble
Auxilliary label “ keep in a cool place”
as the solubility of CO2 gas is increased at lower temperature ,
At higher temperature , it will be gathered above the solution causing
pressure & the conc in the solution will be lowered.
 why we heat first??
to expel CO2 help formation of sol MgCitrate
 role of citric acid convert insoluble MgCO3 to soluble Mg Citrate
Precaution required for storing solution charged with CO2
a)keep bottle on its side
b) in a cool place.
Fiat : mist
Sig.: m.d.s
Keep in a Cool Place
The Mixture
To be taken as
directed.
Measure of length:
Meter is the fundamental unit. **

unit
abbreviation
number of meters
kilometer
km
1,000
hectometer
hm
100
dekameter
Dm or dam
10
meter
m
1
decimeter
dm
0.1
centimeter
cm
0.01
millimeter
mm
0.001 (1x10-3)
micrometer
µm
0.000001(1X10-6)
nanometer
nm
0.000,000,001(1X10-9 )
Measure of volume:
liter is the fundamental unit.
Unit
Abbreviation
Number of liters
kiloliter
kl
1,000
hectolilter
hl
100
dekaliter
Dl or dal
10
liter
l
1
deciliter
dl
0.1
centiliter
cl
0.01
milliliter
ml
0.001(1x10-3)
microliter
µl
0.000,001(1X10-6)
Measure of weight:
gram is the fundamental unit.
Unit
Abbreviation
Number of grams
kilogram
kg
1,000
hectogram
hg
100
dekagram
Dg or dag
10
gram
Gm , gm,g
1
decigram
dg
0.1
centigram
cg
0.01
milligram
mg
0.001 (1x10-3)
microgram
µg, mcg
0.000,001(1X10-6)
nanogram
ng
0.000,000,001(1X10-9 )
kilo
÷ 10
hecto
÷ 10
deka
÷ 10
x10
x10
x10
Gram or liter or meter
x10
÷ 10
deci
x10
÷ 10
centi
÷ 10
÷ 1000
÷ 1000
x10
milli
x1000
micro
x1000
nano
How to reduce to lower or higher denomination:
By simply moving the decimal point.
Examples:
 Reduce 1.23 kg to grams
1.23kg=1.23 x103 =1.23x1000 =1230 g

Reduce 85 µm to cm
85 µm = 0.085mm = 0.0085cm

To add or substract:
we must
1) reduce them to a common denomination
2)arrange numbers for addition or
subtraction as ordinary decimals.
Example:
Total wt of substances in a capsule:
0.075 g
= 0.075 g
20 mg
= 0.020 g
0.0005 g
= 0.0005 g
4 mg
= 0.004 g
500 mcg
= 0.0005 g
= 0.100 g=100 mg

To multiply or devide:
like any decimal numbers
Example:
Multiply 820 ml by 12.5 &express the result in
liters
820 x 12.5 =10250 ml
=10250/1000=10.250 L

Problems page
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