Quantum Model of the Atom
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Transcript Quantum Model of the Atom
Quantum Model of the Atom
The Bohr Model of the atom was incorrect
Electrons do not orbit the nucleus
Quantum Model of the Atom
In the modern (quantum) model of the atom,
electrons are found in regions of space
called orbitals
Orbitals are clouds of probability where
electrons are most likely to be found
The shape of these clouds is the result of
plotting the solutions to very complicated
mathematical equations
We will study 3 types: s, p, and d
Quantum Model of the Atom
There are 7 periods on the periodic table
Each period represents the number of
energy levels in an atom
Each energy level is represented by “n”
Structure of the Quantum Atom
Structure of the electron cloud
Principle energy levels (n)
Obtained
from the Periodic Table
Are whole numbers: 1, 2, 3, 4….
Sublevels
s,
p, d, f
Orbitals – a MAX of two electrons are allowed in
each orbital for each value of n:
s
has one obital
p has three
d has 5
Quantum Model of the Atom
“s” orbitals
Spherically
shaped
There is one “s” orbital for each energy level
Quantum Model of the Atom
This is the probability diagram of an “s” orbital
n=1
This is a “1 s” orbital
n=2
This is a “2 s” orbital
Quantum Model of the Atom
“p” orbitals
Dumbbell
shaped, with three different
orientations in space
Starting with n = 2, there are THREE “p”
orbitals, px, py, pz for each energy level
Quantum Model of the Atom
“d” orbitals
Dumbbell
shaped
Starting with n=3, there are 5 “d” orbitals
Quantum Model of the Atom
How electrons fill their orbitals
Pauli Exclusion Principle
Each
orbital can hold a maximum of TWO
ELECTRONS
Aufbau Principle
Electrons fill orbitals that have the LOWEST
ENERGY FIRST
The Quantum Model of the Atom
Filling sequence:
1s<2s<2p<3s<3p<4s<3d
Each orbital can hold a maximum of 2 electrons
Quantum Model of the Atom
Example:
Hydrogen
Has
one electron
The first energy level to fill is the 1s orbital
The one electron will fill in this orbital
1s1
Energy
Level
Orbital
1
1s
Number of Electrons
in Orbital
Quantum Model of the Atom
Electron Configurations
The
arrangement of electrons in an atom
Filling pattern:
1s<2s<2p<3s<3p<4s<3d……..
Or use the following:
Quantum Model of the Atom
Filling Pattern
1s<2s<2p<3s<3p<4s<3d…
…..
Model of the atom with s and p
orbitals