Transcript River Valley Civs & Neolithic Cities

River Valley and Coastal
Civilizations of the Middle East
Dr. East 9/26/2014
About Roman Numerals and
Outlining
• See this website:
http://www.romannumerals.org/number
s.html to teach
yourself how to do
this.
• For Homework, write
the roman numbers
for, due next class:
– 1 – 25
– 41
– 102
– 49
– 512
Preview
• If you were on a carnival cruise that was
inexplicably stranded on uninhabited and
uncharted island (meaning no one could find
you), how you and the other 1500 passengers
survive?
• _____________________________________
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Neolithic River Valley Civilizations
(3500 B.C. to 500 B.C)
• Why did ancient civilizations develop in river
valleys or along warm coastlines?
• Ans=These river valleys offered rich soil and
irrigation water for agriculture, and they
tended to be in locations easily protected
from invasion by nomadic peoples. Coastlines
often had excellent fishing.
• Where were the earliest civilizations located
during this time period? See. Pg. 27 in book.
5 Characteristics of Civilizations
• Draw with me!
Commonalities Amongst the Early
Civilizations We Discuss
• Use of metal (e.g., bronze, iron) tools and weapons
• Increasing agricultural surplus: Better tools, plows,
irrigation
• Increasing trade along rivers and by sea (Phoenicians)
• Social organization was often rigid with caste system of
society
• Economies and labor often dependent upon slavery
• Development of the world’s first cities
– Catalhuyuk
– Ur
- Jericho
-Jerusalem
-Aleppo
Mesopotamian Civilizations: Tigris and
Euphrates River Valleys (Southwest
Asia/Middle
East)
• Sumerians
– Developments in Writing: from Pictographs to Cuneiform
– Turn to pg. 20-21 and write down how Cuneiform was created
and preserved.
• Babylonians (later day people in region)
– Developments In Written Law: Code of Hammurabi
– Examine pg. 23 and your answers to questions 5 and 7.
• Polytheistic beliefs in many gods
• Societies organized around warring City-States
• Centralized Governments and Ruling Dynasties (Hereditary
Rulers)
• Slavery is Common
• Cultural Diffusion of ideas through trade all over Fertile
Crescent
• Prepare together for a Map QUIZ this class!
– Study your map of places and regions.
– Early Neolithic Cities:
• Catal Huyuk, Aleppo, Jericho, Stonehenge
– Rivers and Regions:
• Fertile Crescent (River Names and Locations: Jordan R.,
Tigris R., Euphrates R.)
• Mesopotamia (as opposed to whole Fertile Crescent,
smaller area just around Tigris and Euphrates)
• Sumer civilization (base of Mesopotamia near Persian
Gulf, see pg. 30)
– Seas – Mediterranean Sea, Persian Gulf
– Modern Day nations: Iraq, Israel, Syria, and Iran
Egyptian
and Nubian
Civilizations
• Along the Nile River
Valley (longest in
world) in Modern
day Egypt and Sudan
on the continent of
Africa
• What “gifts” did the
Nile bring? (pg. 35)
• What were risks of
life alongside the
Nile? (pg. 35-36)
Egyptian civilizations: Nile River Valley
and Nile Delta (Africa)
• Nubia was located on the upper (southern) below the first cataract
(place where boulders narrow the river) of the Nile River (Africa).
• Egyptian villages as far back as 5000 B.C., united into civilization by
3200 B.C.
• Home of Pharaohs (rulers who where thought to be gods
• Polytheistic society with a theocratic government because
Pharaohs ruled as Gods
• Home of Pyramids (resting place of deceased rulers)
• History of Egypt spans 2900 years and 31 ruling dynasties until they
were invaded by the Philistines and Kushites after 1000 B.C.
• OLD KINGDOM (2660 – 2040 B.C) – Age of Great Pyramids, like that at
Giza
• MIDDLE KINGDOM (2040 – 1640 B.C.) – Built a canal to the Red Sea,
created 1000’s acres of new farmland in the lower Nile by draining
swamps
• NEW KINGDOM (1640 – 1075 B.C) – Age of Ramses II and building of
cliff statues at Valley of Kings.
Common Characteristics
of Egyptian Civilization
• Practiced mummification – preservation of their dead
• Had important developments in Writing:
• Pictograph style writing called, Hieroglyphics
• Written initially on stone and then later on Papyrus (a
paper-like strip made of reeds)
• Developed a 365 day calendar with 12 months
• Excelled in geometric calculations – evidence the Pyramids
• Slavery is common … used all this people power to make the
pyramids
Hieroglyphics
Assignment: Create Google Doc on
the following topics
• Today each person works on their own, store your “findings” in a google
doc and share with me, [email protected] , Thurs. you collaborate
as team to create a short Google presentation that you’ll show the class.
• Mummification Practices
– Diego, Carlos, Julian, Nadia, and Ayelyn
• Famous Tombs & Statues, Esp. Valley of Kings and Abu Simbel
– Angel, Reid, Spencer, Rimon, Steven
• Egyptian Gods/Goddesses
– Vanessa, Quinn, Henry, Amaya, Fernando
• Pyramid Building Practices, Esp. Pyramids of Giza
– Hojin, Gizzel, Fernando, Yanara, Miki
• Technology (not medical or pyramids…sailing, farming, irrigation, science,
etc.)
– Oliver, Gabriela, Michelle, Arianna
Mediterranean Coastal
Civilizations:
Minoans and Phoenicians
• Minoans and Crete (2000 – 1400
B.C.)
– King Minos and minotaur
• Phoenicians (near Modern
Lebanon, in land eventually called
Palestine) (1100 B.C. – until
absorbed by other kingdoms)
– Ship builders and seafarers
– Developments in writing: Our
alphabet developed from theirs
• Traders all along the coasts to
Gibraltar and Red Sea
Location of Palestine (Home of
Hebrews & Phoenicians)
Hebrews, Judaism, and Influence on
Western Civilization
• Monotheistic
– Leaders: Abraham and Moses
• Jerusalem ancient city in Modern
Day Israel
• Beliefs, traditions, and customs of
Judaism
– Belief in one God (monotheism)
– Torah, which contains the written
records and beliefs of the Jews
– Ten Commandments, which state
moral and religious conduct,
received by Moses
• Spread of Judaism
– Exile
– Diaspora
Your Next Quiz!
• Will include everything from
Neolithic Cities (Catal Huyuk,
Stonehenge, Jericho,
Aleppo), through Sumer
(Fertlle
Crescent/Mesopotamia), to
Egypt and Nubia, the
Phoenicians and Hebrews
• Must know 5 characteristics
of civilizations
• Know the content on these
slides of each civilization
• Will also include a map quiz
where you must be able to
locate:
Hebrews and
Phoenicians)
2. Strait of Gibraltar
3. Nubia vs. Egypt
4. Approximate location of
Pyramids of Giza
5. Jerusalem
6. Island of Crete
7. Mediterranean Sea
8. Red Sea
9. Mouth of Nile
10. Upper Nile